Developing sustainable and clean energy (solar, wind, tidal energy, etc.) is a significant way to solve the increasing energy crisis and environmental problems. [1,2] However, sustainable and clean energies are difficult to stabilize supply due to their significant instability and randomness, which require grid-scale energy storage equipment to achieve stable and continuous energy output. [3][4][5] Benefiting from the high energy density and long cycling life, the energy storage market is dominated by lithium-ion battery systems. [6] Unfortunately, its development is faced by many problems, such as safety risks associated with organic electrolytes and high costs originating from low-lithium resource reserves, limiting its application in grid-scale energy storage. [6,7] It is urgent to develop a new battery system to meet growing energy storage needs. Recently, aqueous batteries are expected to be the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices with the advantages of high energy density and safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. [2,8] In diverse aqueous batteries, aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are the eye-catching battery systems due to the high theoretical capacity (mass-specific capacity: 820 mAh g À1 , volume-specific capacity: 5848 mAh cm À3 ), comparatively low redox potential (À0.76 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), and highly stable chemistry of zinc anode in mild electrolyte. [9][10][11][12] Meanwhile, the cathode materials of AZBs have the advantages of low costs, rich resources, diversity, high safety, and environmental friendliness. [4,5,[13][14][15] Therefore, AZBs become the most potential battery system candidates to replace traditional lithium-ion batteries in power batteries and grid-scale energy storage.
