Clear experimental evidence from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and (31)P NMR spectroscopy has been obtained for the first time to confirm that the combination of Ag(+) cation with [L-Au](+) results in the formation of different complexes in solution. Re-evaluation of literature-reported gold-catalyzed reactions revealed a significant difference in the reactivities with and without silver. In extreme cases (more than "rare"), the conventional [L-Au](+) catalysts could not promote the reaction without the presence of silver. This investigation has therefore revealed a long-overlooked "silver effect" in gold catalysis and should lead to revision of the actual mechanism.

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Here, we represent the first DNA aptamers targeted to COVID-19 nucleocapsid protein (Np). Np is one of the most abundant structural proteins and serves as a diagnostic marker for accurate...

Rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are receiving ever‐increasing attention due to their high theoretical energy density and inexpensive raw sulfur materials. However, their rapid capacity fade has been one of the key barriers for their further improvement. It is well accepted that the major degradation mechanisms of S‐cathodes include low electrical conductivity of S and sulfides, precipitation of nonconductive Li2S2 and Li2S, and poly‐shuttle effects. To determine these degradation factors, a comprehensive study of sulfur cathodes with different amounts of electrolytes is presented here. A survey of the fundamentals of Li–S chemistry with respect to capacity fade is first conducted; then, the parameters obtained through electrochemical performance and characterization are used to determine the key causes of capacity fade in Li–S batteries. It is confirmed that the formation and accumulation of nonconductive Li2S2/Li2S films on sulfur cathode surfaces are the major parameters contributing to the rapid capacity fade of Li–S batteries.

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