Exciton binding energy has been regarded as ac rucial parameter for mediating charge separation in polymeric photocatalysts.M inimizing the exciton binding energy of the polymers can increase the yield of charge-carrier generation and thus improve the photocatalytic activities,b ut the realization of this approach remains ag reat challenge. Herein, aseries of linear donor-acceptor conjugated polymers has been developed to minimizethe exciton binding energy by modulating the charge-transfer pathway. The results reveal that the reduced energy loss of the charge-transfer state can facilitate the electron transfer from donor to acceptor,a nd thus,m ore electrons are ready for subsequent reduction reactions.The optimizedpolymer,FSO-FS,exhibits aremarkable photochemical performance under visible light irradiation.Hydrogen evolution using nanoparticulate semiconductors has great potential for future green and sustainable fuel production from water and sunlight. [1, 2] Conjugated polymers (CPs), including carbon nitride, [3] COFs, [4] CTFs, [5] CMPs, [6] and linear polymers, [7] have recently emerged as anew family of semiconductor photocatalysts,o wing to their advantages, such as tunable structure and properties,e ase of fabrication, environmental friendliness,a nd absence of noble metals.T o date,c onsiderable advances have been achieved by rational design of the structure and by tailoring of the properties of the CPs. [8] Nevertheless,because of their undesirably high exciton binding energy (E b ,t ypically > 100 meV), [9] most of the polymeric photocatalysts show only moderate photocatalytic activities,p articularly in comparison with their inorganic counterparts.Recently,i nspired by the rapid charge transfer in donoracceptor (D-A) heterojunction based solar cells,such aD-A construction has also been applied to boost the charge mobility of conjugated polymeric photocatalysts by controlling the local structure of the polymers. [10] It is well established that in aD -A based CP,t he charges tend to spontaneously migrate to the acceptor because of the larger energy of the light-excited excitons (E exc )c ompared to those of the charge transfer (CT) state (E CT )a nd E LUMO of the acceptor (see Scheme 1a). [11] Clearly,the overall amount of charge arriving Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue; many studies have indicated that F. nucleatum is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms. The known virulence factors of F. nucleatum promote adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells via FadA and Fap2. Besides, Fap2 also binds to immune cells causing immunosuppression. Furthermore, F. nucleatum recruits tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thus yielding a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, which promotes colorectal neoplasia progression. F. nucleatum was also found to potentiate CRC development through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and microRNA (miRNA)-21 expression. In addition, F. nucleatum increases CRC recurrence along with chemoresistance by mediating a molecular network of miRNA-18a*, miRNA-4802, and autophagy components. Moreover, viable F. nucleatum was detected in mouse xenografts of human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas through successive passages. These findings indicated that an increased number of F. nucleatum in the tissues is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, and the underlying molecular mechanism can probably provide a potential intervention treatment strategy for patients with F. nucleatum-associated CRC.

Tubulin is known to undergo unique post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as detyrosination and polyglutamylation, particularly in the unstructured carboxy-terminal tails (CTTs). However, more conventional PTMs of tubulin and their roles in the regulation of microtubule properties and functions remain poorly defined. Here, we report the comprehensive profiling of tubulin phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and O-GlcNAcylation in HeLa cells with a proteomic approach. Our tubulin-targeted analysis has identified 80 residues bearing single or multiple conventional PTMs including 24 novel PTM sites not covered in previous global proteomic surveys. By using a series of PTM-deficient or PTM-mimicking mutants, we further find that tubulin phosphorylation and acetylation play important roles in the control of microtubule assembly and stability. In addition, these tubulin PTMs have distinct effects on the retrograde transport of adenoviruses along microtubules. These findings thus enlarge the repertoire of tubulin PTMs and foster our understanding of their versatile roles in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and cellular functions.

Kinematically complete experiments were performed on the ionization of a laser-cooled lithium target from different initial states, Li(2s), Li(2p) and Li(1s), by 6 MeV H+ and 1.5 MeV amu−1 O8 + impact. In the measured doubly differential cross sections as a function of electron energy and transverse momentum transfer, a significant initial state dependence is found. Furthermore, comparison to quantum mechanical theory shows surprising discrepancies for Li(2s) and Li(1s) while there is good agreement for the Li(2p) initial state.