Lithium–sulfur (Li–S)
batteries featuring high-energy
densities are identified as a hopeful energy storage system but are
strongly impeded by shuttle effect and sluggish redox chemistry of
sulfur cathodes. Herein, annealed melamine foam loaded 2H/1T MoS2 (CF@2H/1T MoS2) is prepared as a multifunctional
interlayer to inhibit the shuttle effect, improve redox kinetics,
and reduce the charge–discharge polarization of Li–S
batteries. The CF@2H/1T MoS2 becomes fragmented structures
after assembling the cell, which not only benefits to adsorb and catalyze
LiPSs but also to significantly buffer the volume expansion due to
a large number of gaps between fragmented structures. Meanwhile, the
batteries based on CF@2H/1T MoS2 interlayer delivers high
areal capacity of 5.1 mAh cm–2 under high sulfur
mass loading of 7.6 mg cm–2 at 0.2 C. Importantly,
the experiments of in situ Raman spectra demonstrate
that the CF@2H/1T MoS2 can obviously inhibit the shuttle
effect by effectively adsorbing and catalyzing LiPSs. This novel design
idea and low-cost melamine foam raw material open up a new way for
the application of high-energy density Li–S batteries.
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