Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the incidence of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) following spine surgery. Methods We systematically searched for all relevant articles that mentioned the incidence of SSEH following the spine surgery published in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases through March 2022 and manually searched the reference lists of included studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was performed to calculate the pooled incidence of the totality and subgroups based on the heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was assessed by Egger's linear regression and a funnel plot. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Results A total of 40 studies were included in our meta-analysis based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall pooled incidence of SSEH was 0.52% (95% CI 0.004–0.007). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled incidence of SSEH in males and females was 0.86% (95% CI 0.004–0.023) and 0.68% (95% CI 0.003–0.017). Among the different indications, a higher incidence (2.9%, 95% CI 0.006–0.084) was found in patients with deformity than degeneration (1.12%, 95% CI 0.006–0.020) and tumor (0.30%, 95% CI 0.006–0.084). For different surgical sites, the incidences of SSEH in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine were 0.32% (95% CI 0.002–0.005), 0.84% (95% CI 0.004–0.017) and 0.63% (95% CI 0.004–0.010), respectively. The incidences of SSEH in anterior and posterior approach were 0.24% (95% CI 0.001–0.006) and 0.70% (95% CI 0.004–0.011), respectively. The pooled incidence of SSEH was five times higher with minimally invasive surgery (1.94%, 95% CI 0.009–0.043) than with open surgery (0.42%, 95% CI 0.003–0.006). Delayed onset of SSEH had a lower incidence of 0.16% (95% CI 0.001–0.002) than early onset. There were no significant variations in the incidence of SSEH between patients who received perioperative anticoagulation therapy and those who did not or did not report getting chemopreventive therapy (0.44%, 95% CI 0.006–0.084 versus 0.42%, 95% CI 0.003–0.006). Conclusion We evaluated the overall incidence proportion of SSEH after spine surgery and performed stratified analysis, including sex, surgical indication, site, approach, minimally invasive surgery, and delayed onset of SSEH. Our research would be helpful for patients to be accurately informed of their risk and for spinal surgeons to estimate the probability of SSEH after spine surgery.
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to disturbance of the host's response to infection, and is often accompanied by shock. Timely and standardized hemodynamic management can effectively control disease progression. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) refers to tissue and organ perfusion and is one of the key factors for patient recovery. In this study, we focused on the relationship between MAP levels and 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis.Methods: This cohort study included 14,607 sepsis patients out of 38,597 adults admitted to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston between 2001 and 2012, according to the Sepsis 3.0 diagnostic criteria. According to the MAP value of the sepsis patients on the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, they were divided into 5 groups (Q1 ≤67.4 mmHg, Q2 67.4-72.5 mmHg, Q3 72.5-77.6 mmHg, Q4 77.6-84.6 mmHg, Q5 ≥84.6 mmHg). At the same time, the baseline data of vital signs, critical illness score, comorbidities and laboratory examination were collected on the first day of admission to ICU. The 30-day mortality of the 5 groups of patients and the overall sepsis patients were recorded. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were used to assess the independent association between MAP and 30-day mortality.Results: A total of 14,607 sepsis patients were screened. The mean age of participants was 67.2±16.3 years, approximately 46.9% were women, and the overall 30-day mortality rate was 21.0%. Multivariate Cox regression models and smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear association between MAP and 30-day mortality. The inflection point occurred at 68.6 mmHg. The left side effect size of each 10-unit change in the exposure factor was [hazard ratio (HR): 0.479, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.403-0.569, P<0.001]. To the right of the inflection point, the effect size was (HR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.931-1.065, P<0.9018).Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a non-linear relationship between MAP and 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis. When MAP was less than 68.6 mmHg, it was a strong predictor of the potential risk of sepsis death, which is declined by 52.1% for every 10 mmHg growth in MAP.
ObjectiveHip fracture is a prevalent condition with a significant death rate among the elderly. We sought to develop a nomogram-based survival prediction model for older patients with hip fracture.DesignA retrospective case–control study.SettingThe data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III V.1.4).ParticipantsThe clinical features of elderly patients with hip fracture, including basic information, comorbidities, severity score, laboratory tests and therapy, were filtered out based on the MIMIC-III V.1.4.Methods and main outcome measuresAll patients included in the study were from critical care and randomly divided into training and validation sets (7:3). On the basis of retrieved data, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent predictive variables of 1-year mortality, and then constructed a risk prediction nomogram. The predictive values of the nomogram model were evaluated by the concordance indexes (C-indexes), receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curve.ResultsA total of 341 elderly patients with hip fracture were included in this study; 121 cases died within 1 year. After LASSO regression and multiple logistic regression analysis, a novel nomogram contained the predictive variables of age, weight, the proportion of lymphocyte count, liver disease, malignant tumour and congestive heart failure. The constructed model proved satisfactory discrimination with C-indexes of 0.738 (95% CI 0.674 to 0.802) in the training set and 0.713 (95% CI 0.608 to 0.819) in the validation set. The calibration curve shows a good degree of fitting between the predicted and observed probabilities and the DCA confirms the model’s clinical practicability.ConclusionsThe novel prediction model provides personalised predictions for 1-year mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures. Compared with other hip fracture models, our nomogram is particularly suitable for predicting long-term mortality in critical patients.
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the infection-related host response disorder. Adequate mean arterial pressure is an important prerequisite of tissue and organ perfusion, which runs through the treatment of sepsis patients, and an appropriate mean arterial pressure titration in the early-stage correlates to the positive outcome of the treatment. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between early mean arterial pressure levels and short-term mortality in sepsis patients. Methods We included all suspected sepsis patients from MIMIC-III database with average mean arterial pressure ≥ 60 mmHg on the first day of intensive care unit stay. Those patients were then divided into a permissive low-mean arterial pressure group (60–65 mmHg) and a high-mean arterial pressure group (> 65 mmHg). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between MAP level and 30-day, 60-day, and 100-day mortality of suspected sepsis patients in the two groups. Propensity score matching, inverse probability of treatment weighing, standardized mortality ratio weighting, PA weighting, overlap weighting, and doubly robust analysis were used to verify our results. Results A total of 14,031 suspected sepsis patients were eligible for inclusion in our study, among which 1305 (9.3%) had an average first-day mean arterial pressure of 60–65 mmHg, and the remaining 12,726 patients had an average first-day mean arterial pressure of more than 65 mmHg. The risk of 30-day mortality was reduced in the high mean arterial pressure group compared with the permissive low-mean arterial pressure group (HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.60–0.75; p < 0.001)). The higher mean arterial pressure was also associated with lower 60-day and 100-day in-hospital mortality as well as with shorter duration of intensive care unit stay. Patients in the high-mean arterial pressure group also had more urine output on the first and second days of intensive care unit admission. Conclusions After risk adjustment, the initial mean arterial pressure of above 65 mmHg was associated with reduced short-term mortality, shorter intensive care unit stay, and higher urine volume in the first two days among patients with sepsis.
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