is a chronic inflammatory disease in the oral cavity that usually affects the adult population. 1,2 PD is characterized by gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket formation and clinical attachment loss (CAL), 3 and potentially associated with some factors, such as diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity. Hyperlipidaemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by elevated TG, TC, LDL levels and decreased HDL level. Hyperlipidaemia is associated with chronic inflammation, 4 which in turn causes a series of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and oral diseases. 5 Previously, PD was reported to be associated with hyperlipidaemia. 6 However, the association between PD and hyperlipidaemia remains controversial. Several studies suggested that there was a relationship between PD and high serum lipid levels. Losche et al, Machado et al, and Taleghani et al had concluded that serum levels of lipids in individuals with PD were significantly higher than those in healthy periodontal subjects. 7-15 Conversely, Hamissi et al and Joseph et al reported that there were no significant differences between PD
Preosteoblasts can indirectly enhance the osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation and mineralization of PDLSCs with an optimal preosteoblasts:PDLSCs ratio in the range of 2:1 to 1:1.
Background/purpose
The effect of aspirin on bone regeneration remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of aspirin on cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis on ST2 cells to find an effective range of aspirin for bone regeneration induction.
Materials and methods
Cell viability was measured with MTT assay after being stimulated with aspirin for 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured after cells were treated for 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. Expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) was evaluated using Western-blot analysis at 3 days and 7 days. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle and apoptosis measurement after cells were treated for 48 hours.
Results
Lower concentrations of aspirin (1μΜ and 10μM) promoted cell growth and increased ALP levels and Runx-2 expression, while higher concentrations (100μΜ and 1000μΜ) inhibited cell growth (P < 0.05), and lost their effect on ALP activity after 3 days, while even showing an inhibitory effect on the expression of Runx-2. Aspirin at a concentration of 100μM promoted cell mitosis from the S phase to the G2/M phase, and 1000μM arrested the cell cycle in the resting phase G0/G1 (P < 0.05). Parallel apoptosis/necrosis studies showed the percentage of cells in apoptosis decreased dramatically at any dose of aspirin.
Conclusion
A lower dosage of aspirin could promote ST2 cell growth, osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit their apoptosis which indicates that aspirin can be used as an alternative for bone regeneration.
Crowdsourced localization using geo-spatial big data has become an effective approach for constructing smart-city-based location services with the fast growing number of Internet of Things terminals. This paper presents a self-calibrated multi-floor indoor positioning framework using a combination of Wi-Fi ranging, crowdsourced fingerprinting and low-cost sensors (SM-WRFS). The localization parameters, such as heading and altitude biases, step-length scale factor, and Wi-Fi ranging bias are autonomously calibrated to provide a more accurate forward 3D localization performance. In addition, the backward smoothing algorithm and a novel deep-learning model are applied in order to construct an autonomous and efficient crowdsourced Wi-Fi fingerprinting database using the detected quick response (QR) code-based landmarks. Finally, the adaptive extended Kalman filter is adopted to combine the corresponding location sources using different integration models to provide a precise multi-source fusion based multi-floor indoor localization performance. The real-world experiments demonstrate that the presented SM-WRFS is proven to realize precise 3D indoor positioning under different environments, and the meter-level positioning accuracy can be acquired in Wi-Fi ranging supported indoor areas.
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