Crystalline solutions of 0.57(Bi1−xLax)FeO3−0.43PbTiO3 (BLF-PT) for x=0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 have been fabricated by the solid state reaction method. The dielectric constant of BLF-PT was significantly enhanced by using La substitutions, reaching about 1850 for x=0.3. The ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition of BLF-PT becomes more diffused with a decreased transition temperature for higher La concentration. BLF-PT of x=0.2 exhibits multiferroic characteristics with the simultaneously enhanced remnant magnetization and polarization of 0.119 emu/g and 33.5 μC/cm2, respectively.
X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) with synchrotron radiation have been applied to investigate the structure and chemical states of nitrogen atoms in ZnO:N films with different annealing temperatures. The high-resolution XANES and PES spectra of N 1s reveal the chemical states of N dopants and give a direct observation of nitrogen location in the ZnO films. The results indicate that only the nitrogen atoms incorporated substitutionally at O sites act as acceptors, and contribute to the p-type characteristic of the ZnO:N film.
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