Tire acoustic cavity resonance (TACR) noise contributes significantly to interior noise for lower powertrain noise passenger cars and electric cars, which affects the ride comfort obviously. To design sound absorption structures effectively, it is crucial to clarify the evolution mechanism and influence factors of the resonance frequencies and acoustic modal shapes with the running speed. Aiming at these problems, in this paper, a theoretical model of sound wave propagation in a tire acoustic cavity is constructed based on the superposition principle of traveling waves, and the sound field distributions under different rotating speeds are investigated. The formation conditions of TACR are summarized from the perspective of wavenumber. Especially for a rotating tire acoustic cavity, some novel modal characteristics, such as the novel deflective modal shapes and the continuously changing phase, are found. And the theoretical calculation results are verified by the experiment and simulation. The significance of this work is that the evolution mechanisms of TACR frequency and modal shape with the tire rotating speed are theoretically clarified and revealed, which are helpful to obtain effective solutions to suppress TACR noise.
The tire acoustic cavity resonance noise (TACRN) is known to contribute to audible noise in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. In order to reduce TACRN effectively, its mechanism needs to be grasped better. In this paper, the calculation formulas of tire acoustic cavity resonance frequency for four different conditions such as static unloaded tire, static loaded tire, rotating unloaded tire, and rotating loaded tire are analyzed and verified by the simulation and experiment. In particular, the resonance frequency formulas of static loaded tire introducing inflation pressure and rotating loaded tire are proposed and verified, respectively, in this paper. And the influence of tire inflation pressure, load, and running velocity on splitting frequency are studied. Some new findings are described and discussed; for example, the first-order resonance frequency may split into four resonance frequencies in most cases, and may split into three resonance frequencies in certain cases when a loaded tire is rotating. And the existing conditions for three and four resonance frequencies are also discussed.
One of the technical challenges encountered for automobile wheels made of lightweight materials is whether they can successfully pass the 13-degree impact test. When optimizing the wheel impact resistance through finite element method, the combined effect induced by the tire on this performance can be fully included by introducing the tire model, whereas its strong nonlinear characteristics lead to high computational cost and convergence difficulty. Therefore, to introduce the quantification coefficient for combined effect instead of tire model into the impact simulation model can effectively address above problems. However, the inaccurate quantification coefficient leads to the deviation in the evaluation of wheel impact resistance, which may directly affect the optimization design results. Aiming at these problems, a novel numerical method combining the energy reduction and energy-scaling coefficients is proposed. Firstly, an equivalent simulation model of wheel impact test excluding the tire is obtained by calculating and including the energy reduction coefficient. Then, an adaptive energy-scaling coefficient is constructed and introduced to ensure that the wheel strain status remains unchanged. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by investigating two types of wheels. The results show that the proposed method can serve as an efficient tool during optimizing the impact resistance, not only improving the computational efficiency and convergence by excluding the tire model, but also accurately evaluating the wheel impact performance by including the combined effect.
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