This study proposes a finite control-set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) scheme based on virtual voltage vectors for five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines, which aims to reduce the low-order harmonic components of stator currents. In addition, comparing with traditional FCS-MPCC algorithms, the proposed algorithm retains fast control dynamic response and brings several other benefits: such as smaller burden of calculation, approximate constant switching frequency in entire speed operation range and lower current harmonics, especially for three-order harmonics. Furthermore, the one-step delay compensate solution of the proposed FCS-MPCC scheme in digital-controller implementation is presented. Finally, a series of computer simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) experimental tests are adopted to compare the performances of the proposed FCS-MPCC and two traditional FCS-MPCC schemes. Simulation and HIL experimental results have verified the validity and effectiveness of the proposed FCS-MPCC scheme using virtual voltage vectors.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. MMP inhibitors have been considered as potential therapeutics for neoplasitc, rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases. Our group and others have been developing pyrrolidine scaffold-based MMP inhibitors for a number of years, and numerous compounds have been reported in the literature. These compounds can be classified as sulfonamide pyrrolidine derivatives, proline-containing peptidomimetics and acyl pyrrolidine derivatives. These synthetic MMP inhibitors show low nanomolar activity for some MMP subclasses, thus confirming pyrrolidine ring an excellent scaffold from which to design MMP inhibitors. This review will focus primarily on the structure, activity and selectivity profiles of pyrrolidine scaffold-based MMP inhibitors.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. To assay the activities of MMPs is important in diagnosis and therapy of the MMPs associated diseases, such as neoplastic, rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases. Several assay systems have been developed, which include bioassay, zymography assay, immunoassay, fluorimetric assay, radio isotopic assay, phage-displayed assay, multiple-enzyme/multiple-reagent assay and activity-based profiling assay. The principle, application, advantage and disadvantage of these assays have been reviewed in this article.
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