No abstract

Tumour necrosis factor-a-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2) is a newly identified immune negative regulator. The abnormal expression of TIPE2 has been found in several human inflammatory diseases. However, the expression level and clinical significance of TIPE2 in childhood asthma remain unclear. In this study, we detected TIPE2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 42 children with asthma and 39 healthy controls by RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and Western blot. We also detected the levels of serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil (EO), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-c (IFN-c) and analysed the correlations of TIPE2 expression with IgE, EO, IL-4 and IFN-c. The results showed that TIPE2 mRNA and protein expression were decreased in children with asthma compared with healthy controls. The levels of IgE, EO and IL-4 in the children with asthma were obviously higher than those in normal controls, while the level of IFN-c in patients with asthma was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects. Furthermore, the expression level of TIPE2 mRNA was negatively correlated with IgE, EO and IL-4. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between TIPE2 mRNA expression and serum IFN-c level. In conclusion, our data suggest that reduced TIPE2 expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of domperidone (CAS number: 57808-66-9) in human plasma using paracetamol (CAS number: 103-90-2) as an internal standard (IS). Domperidone and paracetamol in plasma were extracted with ethyl acetate, separated on a C18 reversed phase column, eluted with mobile phase of acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid (0.3%) (40:60, v/v), ionized by positive ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected in the multi-reaction monitoring mode using precursor→product ions of m/z 426.2→175.1 for domperidone and 152→110 for the IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r2≥0.99, n=5) over the concentration range of 0.2-80 ng/mL and with lower limit of detection and quantitation of 0.05 and 0.2 ng/mL. The specificity, matrix effect, recovery, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stabilities were validated for domperidone in human plasma. In conclusion, the validation results showed that this method was sensitive, economical and less toxic and it can successfully fulfill the requirement of clinical pharmacokinetic study of domperidone oral preparation in Chinese healthy volunteers.

A more rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ?tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantification of nifedipine in human plasma, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of nifedipine in Chinese healthy volunteers. Nifedipine and internal standard (IS) acetaminophen in plasma were extracted with ethyl acetate, separated on a C18 (150?mm?4.6?mm, 5??m) reversed-phase column, eluted with acetonitrile mixed with 5?mM ammonium acetate solution (pH=6.62) (60:40, v/v), ionized by negative ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected in the multi-reaction monitoring mode using precursor?product ions of m/z 354.1?222.2 for nifedipine and 150.1?107.1 for the IS. A single oral dose of 20?mg nifedipine sustained release tablets and blood samples (4?mL) was collected before and 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 36?h after administration. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine, as Tmax, t1/2?, t1/2?, t1/2z, Cmax, AUC0~36, AUC0~? were 2.80?0.50?h, 6.78?2.52?h, 6.82?2.53?h, 6.69?2.22?h, 76.69?19.51 (ng/mL), 546.49?162.28 (ng???h/mL) and 564.05?176.74 (ng???h/mL), respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.17?102?ng/mL (r2>0.99, n=5) with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.17?ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 15% for all quality control samples at concentrations of 0.42, 6.53 and 81.60?ng/mL and the accuracy (relative error, RE) was ???3.92% to 7.31% at 3 quality control levels. The specificity, matrix effect, recovery, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stabilities were validated, and can fulfill the requirement of pharmacokinetic study of nifedipine sustained release tablets in Chinese volunteers.

To explore the expression changes of potential key genes and relevant biological processes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with newly diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D).Microarray data GSE9006 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples from 43 children with newly diagnosed T1D (NEW), 19 one-month (1-MO) follow-up samples, 19 4-month (4-MO) follow-up samples and 24 healthy controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Affy package in R, and cluster analysis of DEGs were performed following functional enrichment analysis with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with STRING database.We identified 73, 73, 96 DEGs in NEW group, 1-MO group and 4-MO group, respectively by comparing with healthy controls with |logFC|>0.58 and P-value<0.05. The cluster analysis of these DEGs showed that 4 genes, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQA1), HLA-DRB4, integrin 3 (ITGB3) and killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F member 1 (KLRF1) were all significantly expressed in 3 groups, which were significantly enriched in asthma, T1D and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathway. And 57 genes enriched in cluster 5, which were only differentially expressed in NEW group, were involved in response to wounding, inflammatory response and blood coagulation as well as chemokine signaling pathway. Besides, the hub genes in PPI network of cluster 5 were identified, containing FOS, pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP), interleukin 8 (IL8), formyl peptide receptor-like 2 (FPR2) and platelet factor 4 (PF4).HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB4, ITGB3 and KLRF1 might be targets for treatment of T1D, and 5 hub proteins, FOS, PPBP, IL8, FPR2 and PF4, were likely to be new markers for diagnosis of T1D.