BackgroundDermatitis is an important global health problem that not only affects social interaction and physical and mental health but also causes economic burden. Health problems or distress caused by dermatitis may be easily overlooked, and relevant epidemiological data are limited. Therefore, a better understanding of the burden of dermatitis is necessary for developing global intervention strategies.MethodsAll data on dermatitis, including atopic dermatitis (AD), contact dermatitis (CD) and seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD), were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD2019) database. The extracted age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) data were analysed by stratification, including by sex, country or region, and sociodemographic index (SDI) indicators. Finally, we analysed the correlation between the global burden of dermatitis and socioeconomic development status.ResultsAccording to the GBD 2019 estimate, the ASIR and ASDR for the three major types of dermatitis in 2019 were 5244.3988 (95% CI 4551.7244–5979.3176) per 100,000 person-years and 131.6711 (95% CI 77.5876–206.8796) per 100,000 person-years. The ASIR and ASDR of atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrhoeic dermatitis are: Incidence (95%CI,per 100,000 person-years), 327.91 (312.76-343.67), 3066.04 (2405.38-3755.38), 1850.44 (1706.25- 1993.74); DALYs (95%CI, per 100,000 person-years), 99.69 (53.09-167.43), 28.06 (17.62-41.78), 3.93 (2.24-6.25). In addition, among the three dermatitis types, the greatest burden was associated with AD. According to the ASDR from 1990 to 2019, the burden of dermatitis has exhibited a slow downward trend in recent years. In 2019, the ASIR showed that the USA had the greatest burden, while the ASDR showed that Asian countries (such as Japan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan) and some European countries (France, Estonia) had the greatest burden. According to SDI stratification and the three major dermatitis types, high ASIR and ASDR corresponded to high SDI areas (especially for AD).ConclusionThe burden of dermatitis is related to socioeconomic development status, especially for AD, which is positively correlated with the SDI. The results based on GBD2019 data are valuable for formulating policy, preventing and treating dermatitis and reducing the global burden of dermatitis.
BackgroundThe latest incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of major bacterial skin diseases (BSD) and their relationship with socioeconomic are not readily available.ObjectiveDescribe the global age-standardized incidence and DALYs rates of BSD and analyze their relationship with socioeconomic.MethodsAll data were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. The correlation between BSD and socioeconomic development status was analyzed.ResultsThe age-standardized incidence and age-standardized DALYs rate of BSD are: 169.72 million [165.28–175.44] and 0.41 million [0.33–0.48]. Of the two main BSD, pyoderma cause significantly much heavier burden than cellulitis. The change of age-standardized incidence (7.38% [7.06–7.67]) and DALYs (−10.27% [−25.65 to 25.45]) rate of BSD presented an upward or downward trend from 1990 to 2019. The highest burden was in the low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) area while the area with the lowest burden was recorded in the high-middle SDI area in 2019.LimitationsGBD 2019 data of BSD are derived from estimation and mathematical modeling.ConclusionThe burden of BSD is related to socioeconomic development status. The results based on GBD2019 data may benefit policymakers in guiding priority-setting decisions for the global burden of BSD.
This study aimed to establish a novel gouty ulcer rat model induced by monosodium urate (MSU) deposition and preliminarily explored how MSU crystals affected wound healing. MSU crystals were subcutaneously injected into the back of rats to simulate tophi formation and ulceration. Ultrasound was used to detect the formation of gouty tophi. MSU crystal deposition and histopathological changes were analysed by haematoxylin–eosin staining. After the skin over the tophi became broken in the model group, a full‐thickness tissue defect of the same area was made on the backs of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls. On Days 3, 7, and 14 after wounding, the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and the expression of inflammatory markers, including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), were examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, respectively. After the first subcutaneous injection in rats, local tissues showed redness and swelling, indicating inflammation on approximately Day 14. Tophi‐like manifestations appeared on approximately Day 18. Tophi appeared heterogeneously hyperechoic by ultrasound. Swelling and redness in injured tissue areas increased on approximately Day 22, skin tissue necrosis was seen in a small area on approximately Day 26, and skin necrosis was enlarged and the tophi were ulcerated on approximately Day 32, accompanied by yellowish‐white, chalky secretions. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed dermal deposition of needle‐like crystals with surrounding granulomatous inflammation. On Days 3, 7, and 14 after wounding, immunohistochemical staining showed the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of inflammation‐related proteins (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and NLRP3) were upregulated in gouty ulcers compared with those of PBS controls. The gouty ulcers were not completely healed by Day 14 compared with those in the PBS controls. In this study, a novel gouty ulcer rat model was constructed, which also revealed the existence of persistent chronic inflammation.
Objective Treating large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus (L/GCMN) is challenging for surgeons. Operative approaches commonly used to remove L/GCMN include serial excision, tissue expansion, and skin grafting. Thus, we retrospectively compared these three operations' applications and therapeutic effects. Methods The clinical data of 97 L/GCMN patients from June 1, 2015, to June 1, 2019, were collected and divided into three groups according to the operations used: serial excision group (SE group, n = 18), tissue expansion group (TE group, n = 23), and skin grafting group (SG group, n = 56). The location and size of the lesion, the number of operations, duration of each operation, preoperative preparation time, postoperative hospital stay, complications, and clinical outcomes of all patients were collected and assessed. Results The SE group had the most times of operation (3.9 and 6.0 for LCMN and GCMN, respectively), the shortest surgery length (56.3 min), and the shortest postoperative hospital stay (10.0d). The SE and SG groups required much less time to prepare for surgery and had a lower rate of complications than the TE group. During the 11.9‐month median follow‐up period, the SE and TE groups had better postoperative outcomes than the SG group. Conclusion Each of the three operations has different advantages and disadvantages, and the specific surgical strategy should be decided based on the patient's unique circumstances.
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