Background The association between spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid CSF leak/rhinorrhea and idiopathic intracranial hypertension IIH has been increasingly recognized over the last years However considerable variability of opinion regarding the assessment investigations and management of patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea remains Methods A consensus group was formed from experts from Europe Asia Australia South and North America Following literature review and open discussions with members of the panel a set of statements was produced A modified Delphi method was used to refine expert opinion with rounds of questionnaires and a consensus group meeting in Santo-Rhino meeting in September Results Fi y statements of total on spontaneous CSF leak and IIH reached consensus In of statements the median response was strongly agree and in the remaining statements the median response was agree Eleven statements were excluded because they did not reach consensus and one new statement was added during SantoRhino meeting The final statements refer to patient history and clinical examination "History taking should include presence of headache tinnitus and visual defects" investigations role of Thin Slice Computed Tomography and CISS/FLAIR sequences in Magnetic Resonance Imaging principles of management watchful waiting or measures to reduce ICP are supplementary but cannot subsitute surgical closure surgical technique intraoperative early postoperative and long term management Conclusion We present fi y consensus statements on the diagnosis investigation and management of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea based on the currently available evidence and expert opinion Although by no means comprehensive and final we believe they can contribute to the standardization of clinical practice Early diagnosis prompt surgical closure of the defect assesment for and treatment of potentially co-existing idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach are essential in order to successfully manage spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea reduce associated morbidity and prevent recurrence
Skull base surgery has gone through significant changes with the development of extended endoscopic endonasal approaches over the last decade. Initially used for the transphenoidal removal of hypophyseal adenomas, the endoscopic transnasal approach gradually evolved into a way of accessing the whole ventral skull base. Improved visualization, avoidance of brain retraction, the ability to access directly tumours with minimal damage to critical neurosurgical structures as well lack of external scars are among its obvious benefits. However, it presents the surgeons with a number of challenges, including the need to deal endoscopically with potential arterial bleeding, complicated reconstruction requirements as well as the need for a true team approach. In this review drawing from our experience as well as published series, we present an overview of current indications, challenges and limitations of the expanded endonasal approaches to the skull base.
Surgical treatment of sphenoorbital meningiomasSaeed, P.; van Furth, W.R.; Tanck, M.; Freling, N.; van der Sprenkel, J.W.B.; Stalpers, L.J.A.; Overbeeke, J.J.; Mourits, M.P. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the central nervous system (CNS) is enriched in hyaluronate (HA). Ubiquitous receptors for HA are CD44 and the Receptor for HA-Mediated Motility known as RHAMM. In the present study, we have investigated the potential role of CD44 and RHAMM in the migration and proliferation of human astrocytoma cells. HA-receptor expression in brain tumor cell lines and surgical specimens was determined by immunocytochemistry and western blot analyses. The ability of RHAMM to bind ligand was determined through cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) precipitations of brain tumor lysates in HA-binding assays. The effects of HA, CD44 blocking antibodies, and RHAMM soluble peptide on astrocytoma cell growth and migration was determined using MTT and migration assays. Our results show that the expression of the HA-receptors, CD44, and RHAMM, is virtually ubiquitous amongst glioma cell lines, and glioma tumor specimens. There was a gradient of expression amongst gliomas with high grade gliomas expressing more RHAMM and CD44 than did lower grade lesions or did normal human astrocytes or non-neoplastic specimens of human brain. Specific RHAMM variants of 85- and 58-kDa size were shown to bind avidly to HA following CPC precipitations. RHAMM soluble peptide inhibited glioma cell line proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. Finally, while anti-CD44 antibodies did not inhibit the migration of human glioma cells, soluble peptides directed at the HA-binding domain of RHAMM inhibited glioma migration both on and off an HA-based ECM. These data support the notion that HA-receptors contribute to brain tumor adhesion, proliferation, and migration, biological features which must be better understood before more effective treatment strategies for these tumors can be found.
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