The distribution of the director of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) in a cell with photosensitive aligning layers has been studied. It is shown that a doubly degenerate easy orientation axis is induced on the interface between the nematic and orienting surface. It was also found that the degeneracy of the easy axis orientation can be removed by NLC molecules flow during LC cell filling and an oblique liquid crystal orientation is realized.
In this study, we performed a three‐dimensional computer simulation for the electro‐optical characteristics of a super in‐plane switching liquid crystal displays(Super IPS‐LCDs) in a unit pixel of TFT‐LCDs, for the first time, and compared the results with experiments. The dynamic equation of continuum theory for liquid crystals is based on a tensorial formulation. As a numerical technique, we used a finite difference method(FDM) suitable for highly nonlinear equations. As a result, we confirmed that the simulation results such as a transmission profile over a pixel and an average transmittance as a function of applied voltage showed good agreement with the experimental results. We also revealed that Super IPS‐LCDs show good wide viewing angle characteristics with contrast ratio of more than 50:1 up to a polar angle of ±90° both in the horizontal and the vertical directions.
Three-dimensional analysis of the optical functionalities of an autostereoscopic display with an array of slanted lenticular lenses was performed. The specification parameters of the lenticular lens for clear separation of the images were first determined using the geometrical optics, and the transmission characteristics of the light ray travelling through a single lenticular were then calculated by finite ray tracing. The properties of light transmission over the entire display panel were then determined by expanding the results obtained for the single lenticular to the entire lenticular lens array. Consequently, each view was confirmed to be located at an interocular distance of 65 mm away from each other. Approximately 5% noise was observed between the views, and the shape of the viewing zone at the optimal viewing distance was tilted towards the direction of the slanted lenticular. Overall, numerical analysis enables a realistic evaluation of the optical functionalities, such as the shape of the viewing zone, of lenticular based autostereoscopic displays.
We numerically analyzed the optical performance of an electric field driven liquid crystal (ELC) lens adopted for 3-dimensional liquid crystal displays (3D-LCDs) through rigorous ray tracing. For the calculation, we first obtain the director distribution profile of the liquid crystals by using the Erickson-Leslie motional equation; then, we calculate the transmission of light through the ELC lens by using the extended Jones matrix method. The simulation was carried out for a 9view 3D-LCD with a diagonal of 17.1 inches, where the ELC lens was slanted to achieve natural stereoscopic images. The results show that each view exists separately according to the viewing position at an optimum viewing distance of 80 cm. In addition, our simulation results provide a quantitative explanation for the ghost or blurred images between views observed from a 3D-LCD with an ELC lens. The numerical simulations are also shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The present simulation method is expected to provide optimum design conditions for obtaining natural 3D images by rigorously analyzing the optical functionalities of an ELC lens.
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