Penanggulangan tuberkulosis di Indonesia mengalami banyak kemajuan, bahkan hampir mendekati target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs), yakni 222 per 100.000 penduduk. Namun, angka penemuan kasus tuberkulosis (TB) di Jawa Tengah hingga 2008 mencapai 48%, kurang 22% dari standar yang ditetapkan WHO (70%). Angka penemuan kasus terendah adalah di Kabupaten Boyolali yang pada periode 2004 – 2008 mengalami penurunan dari 24,60% menjadi 20,0%. Angka kesembuhan TB paru 66,67% belum mencapai target (85%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kegiatan program penanggulangan TB paru dari aspek input, proses, dan output di Kabupaten Boyolali Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2009. Penelitian observasional ini dilakukan di semua kelompok pelaksana program, yaitu mencakup 29 puskesmas, dinas kesehatan, dan rumah sakit. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan hasil dengan target yang ditetapkan departemen kesehatan. Secara kuantitas dan kualitas, pelaksanaan Program Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis (P2TB) di Kabupaten Boyolali serta pelaksanaan bimbingan teknis dan supervisi telah berjalan baik.Tuberculosis control in Indonesia has a lot of progress. Indonesia is even closer to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which is 222 per 100,000 population for TB patient ratios but the TB case detection rate in Central Java until 2008 reach 48% is still 22% less than WHO standard set is 70%, the lowest case detection ratein Boyolali (20%). In the last 5 years which decreased 24.60% (in 2004) to 20.0% (in 2008) and a new pulmonary TB cure rate 66.67% (target 85%). This study aims to determine the implementation of the TB control program of the aspects of lung input, process, and output in Boyolali district in Central Java province in 2009. Types of observational studies in all groups: 29 health centers program implementers, department of health, and hospitals. Descriptive analysis by comparing the results with the Ministry of Health target. Implementation of the program in Kabupaten Boyolali Program Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis (P2TB) in quantity and quality as well as technical guidance and supervision of the implementation of the already well underway.
BACKGROUND: Our world is now facing the public health emergency situation. Since early December 2019, COVID-19 emerged the Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The disease is still continuing spread to more than 200 countries and territories globally. AIM: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 among the surveillance officers and outbreak investigation team in North Sumatera, Indonesia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed between March 5, 2020 and April 20, 2020, among the surveillance officers and outbreak investigation team in North Sumatera province, Indonesia. A set of validated, pre-tested questionnaire was used to measure knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection and to collect a range of explanatory variables. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A two-step logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association of participants’ demographic data, level of education, surveillance training, length of work, and location of workplace with the knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 246 participants were collected. We found that 109 out of 246 (44.3%) participants were good knowledge of COVID-19. Multivariate model revealed that surveillance training was the most associated variable with knowledge of COVID-19 (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.09–4.27). In addition, as much as 27 participants (79.4%) have good knowledge and also have received surveillance training expressed a willingness to conduct surveillance (OR = 4.75, 95% CI = 1.98–11.39). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of surveillance officers and outbreak investigation team in North Sumatera regarding COVID-19 is relatively low. Participants who have good knowledge and have received surveillance training expressed a willingness to conduct surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Therefore, training for surveillance and outbreak investigation team to improve the understanding and skill is a must.
AbstrakDemam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Banda Aceh. Banda Aceh merupakan daerah endemik DBD dengan meningkatnya angka kejadian dan case fatality rate setiap tahun. Insiden tertinggi DBD berada di Kecamatan Baiturrahman dengan angka kejadian 120 per 100.000 penduduk dan tertinggi kedua adalah Kecamatan Jaya Baru dengan angka kejadian 84 per 100.000 penduduk. Keberadaan larva Aedes sp di masyarakat merupakan salah satu indikator populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah jentik nyamuk Aedes sp yang terperangkap pada masing-masing wadah ovitrap (tempurung kelapa, gelas plastik, dan potongan bambu) serta tingkat kepadatan jentik nyamuk Aedes sp sebelum dan setelah pemasangan wadah ovitrap. Jenis penelitian adalah explanatory study dengan desain eksperimental quasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah proportional sampling. Populasi unit penelitian adalah 30 rumah. Ovitrap diletakkan merata pada 30 titik lokasi dari 10 kelurahan secara acak. Data jumlah jentik nyamuk Aedes yang terperangkap diambil empat kali secara berulang dengan selang waktu satu minggu. Analisis dengan rerata jumlah jentik di dalam ovitrap dan indeks ovitrap. Hasil jumlah jentik Aedes aegypti yang terperangkap sebanyak 1.265. Ovitrap yang paling efektif, yaitu potongan bambu rerata = 123, nilai p = 0,006, HI = 10,01% (16,66 -26,67%), CI = 36,8% (336,06 -39,74%), BI = 29,97% (73,33 -103,3%). Otoritas kesehatan harus mempromosikan ovitrap bambu kepada masyarakat sebagai upaya pengendalian Aedes sp. Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, jentik Aedes sp, ovitrap bambu Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Banda Aceh. Banda Aceh is a DHF endemic city by increasing incidence rate (IR) and case fatality rate every year. The highest DHF incidence was in Baiturrahman District (IR = 120 per 100,000 people) and Jaya Baru District (IR = 84 per 100,000 people). Aedes sp larvae existence among people is one of Aedes aegypti population indicators in such region. This study aimed to find out numbers of Aedes sp trapped in each ovitrap (coconut shell, plastic cup, and piece of bamboo) and Aedes sp density level before and after ovitrap installation. This study was explanatory study using quasi-experimental design. The sampling technique was proportional sampling. Population of study was 30 houses. Ovitraps were randomly located in 30 places of 10 subdistricts. Data of trapped Aedes sp larvae numbers was collected four times repeatedly within one week time-lapse. Analysis was conducted using the mean number of larvae in ovitraps and ovitrap index. The number of Aedes sp larvae trapped was 1,265. The most effective ovitrap is piece of bamboo, mean = 123, p value = 0.006, HI = 10.01% (16.66 -26.67%), CI = 36.8% (336.06 -39.74%), ). Health authorities should promote bamboo ovitrap, especially to public as an act to control Aedes sp.
BACKGROUND: Natural coagulants are used as much as possible to reduce synthetic materials that produce side effects in their use. The use of natural coagulants will be cheaper than synthetic coagulants, which are commonly used for water purification. Chinese tea seeds (Cassia angustifolia) can reduce turbidity, because they contain complex carbohydrates and sugars that can bind particles in the water. Cassia angustifolia plant may also be used as a coagulation agent for conventional drinking water treatment. AIM: This study aims to determine the optimization of coagulants from Chinese teak seed powder (Cassia angustifolia as a natural coagulant in reducing the turbidity of wells water. METHODS: This study used Cassia angustifolia coagulant for the water treatment coagulation process with turbidity and pH parameters. This was a quasi-experimental study. The Completely Randomized Design (RAL) method was used. The study location was carried out at the Laboratory of the Environmental Health Department, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Banda Aceh. The doses used were 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 100 ppm. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: There is a difference in turbidity reduction in dug healthy water when Cassia angustifolia is added at doses of 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, or 100 ppm. CONCLUSION: Cassia angustifolia coagulant can be used at low turbidity levels with low doses, but it is necessary to investigate the active compound content and its biocoagulant properties.
Gorden dimanfaatkan oleh Anopheles spp. sebagai tempat beristirahat sementara setelah menghisap darah manusia di dalam rumah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh gorden yang mengandung berbagai dosis deltametrin terhadap kematian Anopheles spp. Penelitian ini menggunakan Anopheles spp. dewasa dari hasil penangkapan nyamuk di wilayah pesisir Kota Banda Aceh sebanyak 180 ekor dibagi dalam lima kelompok perlakuan dan satu kelompok kontrol untuk 3 kali pengulangan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan teknik bioassay, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 10 ekor nyamuk. Kelompok uji diberi perlakuan dalam cone dengan gorden yang telah dipapar dengan deltametrin selama 3 menit. Kemudian dipindahkan ke dalam wadah pemulihan. Kematian dihitung setelah 24 jam. Perlakuan diulangi 3 kali dengan kondisi yang sama dan nyamuk yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dan analisis probit. Hasil percobaan diperoleh rata-rata kematian Anopheles spp. untuk dosis 12,5mg/m2 adalah 4 ekor, dosis 25mg/m2 adalah 5,3 ekor, dosis 50mg/m2 adalah 6 ekor, dosis 100mg/m2 adalah 6,7 ekor dan dosis 200 mg/m2 adalah 7,3 ekor. Pada analisis ANOVA nilai dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh kelima dosis deltametrin terhadap kematian nyamuk Anopheles spp. (p-value <0,001). Dari analisis probit diperoleh persamaan garis probit yaitu y = 0,693x + 4,047 sehingga dapat ditentukan bahwa LD50 adalah sebesar 23,71 mg/m2 dan LD80 adalah sebesar 398,11 mg/m2. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi dosis deltametrin maka semakin tinggi angka kematian nyamuk Anopheles spp.
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