Coalbed methane is a new energy resource that has not been developed in Indonesia. The reserve is estimated about 213 Tcf and spread over 16 basins. The utilization of this new energy resource will undoubtly contribute the industrial development in the country. This paper focuses on the technical and economic aspects of coalbed production in Jatibarang field, West Java. The methane reserve in this West Java area is 21 Tcf, and the location is quite strategic due to its proximity to the highly viable market of growing industrial nearby area. This paper presents a proposal of CBM development in Jatibarang field. The result shows a very lucrative return for the investment on the project based on production sharing agreement.
Reactive agility measurement tool recently has become one of the important issues in the physical training for tennis performance. Therefore, finding a valid and reliable reactive agility measuring instrument for tennis performance is needed. This study aimed to do a validity and reliability test of the reactive agility measuring instrument for tennis performance. This study used a mixed-methods approach. The seven experts participants were determined by the criteria of an evaluation expert and a tennis expert, or both. This study had three stages. The first was document analysis (international journal). It is used to develop a construction design for the reactive tennis agility measuring instrument. The second stage was content validation. The participants were seven experts. Then, the data collection technique used the Delphi technique. The research instrument uses a scale of one to four, namely very relevant, relevant, less relevant, and irrelevant. The data analysis used the Aiken formula for content validity and Reliability Analysis between raters using ICC. The first stage of research results has found the operational definition of reactive agility tennis: the ability to move in seconds after receiving a stimulus. In addition, the "Y" shape construction design of the reactive tennis agility measuring instrument has been arranged. The second stage resulted in the contents validation of a large tennis reactive agility measuring instrument. The third stage found the reliability between raters of a large tennis reactive agility measuring instrument.
During 1980-1990, the economic growth of South East Asia countries ranged between 5.5% to 7.9% per year. Along with this development, the energy would be an important element to maintain or increase this growth. In Indonesia, for instant, the growth of energy demand is estimated to be 6% during years of 2000 to 2010. For natural gas demand especially, Indonesia will consume about 1.1 Tcf/year. Java Island, in this case, would become the highest increase of energy demand, from 393 MMcf/D in 1989 to 1200 MMcf/D by 2010. By that time, the natural gas production from both non associated gas and associated gas reservoirs in the Northwest Java basin from where the large amount of gas is produced, is predicted to decline. In order to overcome this problem, another prospective gas resources that could be exploited is coalbed methane. This kind of prospective gas resource has been found in large reserve in the of Northwest Java basin, especially in Talang Akar formation. some of the coalbed methane layers found in Talang Akar posses overpressure condition. In this formation, it is found that the vitrine reflectance of coal, ranges from 0.5% to 1.9%. The gas resources from coalbed methane reservoir in Indonesia is estimated about 213 Tcf, and of 33.4 Tcf of this volume is found in Northwest Java basin area. Until this time, these coalbed methane deposit have not yet been developed or exploited commercially. The economics and the technical aspects of the coalbed methane exploitation and its properties in Talang Akar formation are evaluated and discussed in this paper. Introduction Coalbed Methane, a gaseous hydrocarbon produced from coal formation, is another prospective alternative for energy resource. Indonesia has an estimated coalbed methane potential of 213 Tcf in coal bearing formation spreading over 16 onshore basin. An area which is considered to have the most prospective opportunity for coalbed methane development is Northwest Java basin. The basin located in onshore and offshore of West Java province but this paper stressing on onshore of Northwest Java basin. That basin has a comparative advantage over the coalbed methane basin of the other region for some reason, First, facilities and infrastructure are already available, since the basin has developed for oil and gas. Second, the demand for gas are quite high due to the rapid development in the nearby areas. Third, potential of coalbed methane is good to supply the gas demand. The production facility, existing well and the construction of Java pipelines trough the area and stretching along the north part of Java island to connect the gas resource to industrial as well as other gas consuming zones, will no doubt guarantee the long term market of coalbed methane gas in Northwest Java. This paper discusses the basin analysis of coalbed methane resources as a technical calculation and economic viability of the project of coalbed methane development in Northwest Java. P. 573^
Optimizing multiple assets under uncertain techno-economic conditions and tight government policies is challenging. Operator needs to establish flexible Plan of Development (POD)s and put priority in developing multiple fields. The complexity of production and the profit margin should be simultaneously evaluated. In this work, we present a new workflow to perform such a rigorous optimization under uncertainty using the case study of PHE ONWJ, Indonesia. We begin the workflow by identifying the uncertain parameters and their prior distributions. We classify the parameters into three main groups: operations-related (geological complexity, reserves, current recovery, surface facilities, and technologies), company-policies-related (future exploration plan, margin of profit, and oil/gas price), and government-related (taxes, incentives, and fiscal policies). A unique indexing technique is developed to allow numerical quantification and adapt with dynamic input. We then start the optimization process by constructing time-dependent surrogate model through training with Monte Carlo sampling. We then perform optimization under uncertainty with multiple scenarios. The objective function is the overall Net Present Value (NPV) obtained by developing multiple fields. This work emphasizes the importance of the use of time-dependent surrogate approach to account risk in the optimization process. The approach revises the prior distribution with narrow-variance distribution to make reliable decision. The Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) with Sobol decomposition on the posterior distribution and surrogate provides parameters’ ranking and list of heavy hitters. The first output from this workflow is the narrow-variance posterior distribution. This result helps to locate the sweet spots. By analyzing them, operator can address specific sectors, which are critical to the NPV. PHE ONWJ, as the biggest operator in Indonesia, has geologically scattered assets, therefore, this first output is essential. The second output is the list of heavy hitters from GSA. This list is a tool to cluster promising fields for future development and prioritize their development based on the impact towards NPV. Since all risks are carried by the operator under the current Gross Split Contract, this result is advantageous for decision-making process. We introduce a new approach to perform time-dependent, multi-asset optimization under uncertainty. This new workflow is impactful for operators to create robust decision after considering the associated risks.
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