To assess the genetics of hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease, family studies were carried out in 2520 relatives and spouses of 176 survivors of myocardial infarction, including 149 hyperlipidemic and 27 normolipidemic individuals. The distribution of fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values in relatives, together with segregation analyses, suggested the presence of five distinct lipid disorders. Three of these-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, and familial combined hyperlipidemia -appeared to represent dominant expression of three different autosomal genes, occurring in about 20% of survivors below 60 yr of age and 7 % of all older survivors. Two other disorders-polygenic hypercholesterolemia and sporadic hypertriglyceridemiaeach affected about 6% of survivors in both age groups.This work was presented in part at

Highly active antiretroviral treatment has resulted in dramatically increased life expectancy among patients with HIV infection who are now aging while receiving treatment and are at risk of developing chronic diseases associated with advanced age. Similarities between aging and the courses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggest that HIV infection compresses the aging process, perhaps accelerating comorbidities and frailty. In a workshop organized by the Association of Specialty Professors, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the HIV Medical Association, the National Institute on Aging, and the National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases, researchers in infectious diseases, geriatrics, immunology, and gerontology met to review what is known about HIV infection and aging, to identify research gaps, and to suggest high priority topics for future research. Answers to the questions posed are likely to help prioritize and balance strategies to slow the progression of HIV infection, to address comorbidities and drug toxicity, and to enhance understanding about both HIV infection and aging.

The incidence of chronic wounds is increased among older adults, and the impact of chronic wounds on quality of life is particularly profound in this population. It is well established that wound healing slows with age. However, the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood. Most studies have used in vitro approaches and various animal models, but observed changes translate poorly to human healing conditions. The impact of age and accompanying multi-morbidity on the effectiveness of existing and emerging treatment approaches for chronic wounds is also unknown, and older adults tend to be excluded from randomized clinical trials. Poorly defined outcomes and variables, lack of standardization in data collection, and variations in the definition, measurement, and treatment of wounds also hamper clinical studies. The Association of Specialty Professors, in conjunction with the National Institute on Aging and the Wound Healing Society, held a workshop, summarized in this paper, to explore the current state of knowledge and research challenges, engage investigators across disciplines, and identify key research questions to guide future study of age-associated changes in chronic wound healing.

A B S T R A C T Hypertriglyceridemic subjects were fed diets in which dietary fat calories were held constant, but carbohydrate calories were varied. Three subjects with fasting chylomicronemia (Type V) were given less carbohydrate and four subjects without fasting chylomicronemia (Type IV) were fed diets with more calories as carbohydrate. The restricted carbohydrate intake led to disappearance of chylomicronemia in those subjects who had chylomicronemia on a normal diet (Type V to IV). In those subjects without chylomicronemia, chylomicronemia appeared in response to increased carbohydrate intake (Type IV to V). Thus or decreasing calories. The lipolytic rate was curvilinearly related to the plasma triglyceride concentrations. This curvilinear relationship followed MichaelisMenton saturation kinetics over a wide range of triglyceride concentrations on fat-free, high-carbohydrate diets, in multiple studies in a group of individuals. These studies suggest that endogenous and exogenous triglyceride compete for a common, saturable, plasma triglyceride removal system related to lipoprotein lipase.

No abstract