Airlift crews were exposed to extended work periods, reduced sleep periods, night work, and circadian dysrhythmia caused by shift work and time-zone crossings during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. This research reveals the extent to which severe subjective fatigue was experienced by the crews during Operation Desert Storm. In addition, through the evaluation of long-term and short-term work and sleep histories, this research shows that recent sleep and flight histories are correlated with high fatigue levels. Furthermore, we found a tendency for fatigue to correspond with pilot error. We recommend that the training of personnel involved in long-duration operations include fatigue management strategies and, further, that work policies and environments be designed to take into account the importance of regular and restorative sleep when unusual duty hours are required.

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These data suggest a role for both catecholamines and glucocorticoids in mediating changes in leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets during simulated microgravity coupled with hypergravity. Our results were also strikingly similar to those from actual Shuttle missions and support our conclusion that we have developed a model of spaceflight.

A study was conducted to further evaluate the Manikin Task, a test of spatial orientation information processing.The objectives of the study were to determine the speed vs. accuracy tradeoff .characteristics of the task and to assess performance on the task under the influence of ethyl alcohol. Response times and accuracy were measured on five subjects over a five-week weriod. Analysis of the data indicated a definite decline in accuracy corresponding to a forced decrease in response time. The effect of alcohol was evidenced by a change in the slope of the speed-accuracy tradeoff function.

Dramatic character is among the most long-standing and familiar of artistic phenomena. From the theatre of Dionysus in ancient Greece to the modern stage, William Storm's book delivers a wide-ranging view of how characters have been conceived at pivotal moments in history. Storm reaffirms dramatic character as not only ancestrally prominent but as a continuing focus of interest. He looks closely at how stage figures compare to fictional characters in books, dramatic media, and other visual arts. Emphasis is sustained throughout on fundamental questions of how theatrical characterization relates to dramatic structure, style, and genre. Extensive attention is given to how characters think and to aspects of agency, selfhood, and consciousness. As the only book to offer a long view of theatrical characterization across this historical span, Storm's dramaturgical and theoretical investigation examines topics that remain vital and pertinent for practitioners, scholars, students of theatre and literature, and general audiences.