The aims of this study were to evaluate five infiltration models for mineral soils in the tropics with different land use types, such as settlements, plantations, rice fields, and forests. The infiltration models evaluated were Green–Ampt, Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, Philip, and Horton. The research was conducted at the Amprong watershed, Malang, Indonesia. The infiltration rate of the thirteen soil samples was analysed. The infiltration was tested using Turf-Tech infiltrometer. Moreover, each soil sample was tested in terms of the bulk density, specific gravity, porosity, soil moisture, and soil texture. The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference (α = 5%) in the infiltration rate among the five models of infiltration. The infiltration rate in the study site was considered fast. Three models exhibiting the best performance are Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, and Horton model, respectively. The highest infiltration rate occurred in the forest land use while the lowest occurred in the rice field land use. The results of this study suggest that the infiltration model parameters correlate closely with the initial infiltration rate (fo) and the final infiltration rate (fc). In other words there is a correlation between the soil's ability to absorb water (representing the capillary force or horizontal flow) at the beginning of the infiltration (fo) and the gravity or the vertical flow upon reaching the final infiltration rate (fc).
Penentuan ketersediaan air yang akurat dalam periode 10 harian dari Sungai Amprong memegang peranan penting dalam tata tanam untuk menunjang proses produksi pertanian pada DI. Kedungkandang, karena apabila ketersediaan air tidak ditentukan dengan tepat maka akan terjadi kesalahan dalam pengaturan air irigasi dan penggunaannya tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan sebuah sistem analisis yang mampu melakukan prediksi dengan baik. Salah satu model runtun waktu tersebut adalah model ARIMA (Autoregressive Intregated Moving Average).
Suatu proses untuk mengubah data hujan ke limpasan atau aliran debit disebut dengan proses transformasi hujan. Transformasi hujan menjadi debit ini dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik fisik DAS serta penggunaan lahannya. Data debit pada suatu DAS berfungsi sebagai pengukur besaran debit yang tersedia pada suatu sungai yang bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil perhitungan hujan menjadi debit berlokasi di DAS Metro, Kabupaten Malang. Metoda yang dianalisa oleh peneliti adalah metoda FJ. Mock dan NRECA. Hasil perhitungan dari metode-metode tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan data hujan, dikarenakan data AWLR pada Sub DAS Metro ini dianggap kurang layak untuk menjadi debit observasi dalam studi ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis metode yang paling sesuai untuk perhitungan debit hujan pada Sub DAS Metro adalah metode NRECA dengan nilai Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 ) = 0,792 serta Koefisien Korelasi (r) = 0,887.
This paper intends to build the optimization of irrigation water allocation. The research method uses a dynamics system that the methodology consists of building the causal loop diagram that amplifies (positive feedback loop) or negates (negative feedback loop) for a change in a system variable. Water balance is an important aspect of using the water resources. Its existence can provide an overview of the balance sheet conditions between water availability and water needs over a specific period. The water balance sheet can show the status of water availability conditions, whether the status is already in deficit or still excessive. Irrigation as part of water resource management is a system in society that is dynamic and depends on the environmental conditions, mainly because of the variety of actors, the variety of uses, across the different administrative areas and different cultures. This condition is further aggravated by the reduction in water sources that can be used as the main source of irrigation due to climate change, changes in land use and other uses such as domestic needs. Therefore, the complexity and limitations of the water resource are a challenge for irrigation development now and in the future. This research intends to optimize the irrigation water allocation by suing the dynamics system. By analyzing the causal relationships that affect the water availability, causal relationships that affect water demand, and formulating interventions with high leverage, the optimal condition is found. The results show that the limited amount of water availability with the increasing number of waters needs for various uses requires arranging the optimal water allocation in a fair, efficient and environmentally sound sense. However, the use of water for irrigation that can be allocated to fisheries will obtain maximum economic benefits if fisheries get top priority in water allocation.
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