Based on cohort data obtained from 13,085 college freshmen’s (2005 to 2011) SCL-90 (the Symptom Check-List-90) reports and their subsequent 4-year psychological counseling help-seeking records, this study examined the association between college students’ mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors across four college years. Female students’ mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors increased from the 2005 to the 2011 cohorts and no changes emerged for male students across cohorts. Overall, male students reported higher levels of mental health problems than did female students in the first college year, whereas female students reported more help-seeking behaviors than did male students in the following four college years. College students’ mental health problems was associated positively with help-seeking behaviors. College students were more likely to seek help from the college psychological counselling center when they experienced relatively few or quite a lot of mental health issues (i.e., an inversed U shape). Implications for future studies and practices are discussed.

How to design an anthropomorphic hand with a few actuators to replicate the grasping functions of the human hand is still a challenging problem. This paper aims to develop a general theory for designing the anthropomorphic hand and endowing the designed hand with natural grasping functions. A grasping experimental paradigm was set up for analyzing the grasping mechanism of the human hand in daily living. The movement relationship among joints in a digit, among digits in the human hand, and the postural synergic characteristic of the fingers were studied during the grasping. The design principle of the anthropomorphic mechanical digit that can reproduce the digit grasping movement of the human hand was developed. The design theory of the kinematic transmission mechanism that can be embedded into the palm of the anthropomorphic hand to reproduce the postural synergic characteristic of the fingers by using a limited number of actuators is proposed. The design method of the anthropomorphic hand for replicating human grasping functions was formulated. Grasping experiments are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method of the anthropomorphic hand.

For chiral gels and related applications, one of the critical issues is how to modulate the stereoselective interaction between the gel and the chiral guest precisely, as well as how to translate this information into the macroscopic properties of materials. Herein, we report that this process can also be modulated by nonchiral solvents, which can induce a chiral-interaction reversion for organogel formation. This process could be observed through the clear difference in gelation speed and the morphology of the resulting self-assembly. This chiral effect was successfully applied in the selective separation of quinine enantiomers and imparts "smart" merits to the gel materials.

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For chiral gels and related applications, one of the critical issues is how to modulate the stereoselective interaction between the gel and the chiral guest precisely, as well as how to translate this information into the macroscopic properties of materials. Herein, we report that this process can also be modulated by nonchiral solvents, which can induce a chiralinteraction reversion for organogel formation. This process could be observed through the clear difference in gelation speed and the morphology of the resulting self-assembly. This chiral effect was successfully applied in the selective separation of quinine enantiomers and imparts "smart" merits to the gel materials.Chiral interaction is always a hot topic in chemistry because of its importance in biological processes, [1] medicine, [2] asymmetric catalysis, [3] and separation, [4] among other areas. An important challenge, and a new and promising direction of research on chiral materials and their applications, is how to transfer the weak chiral-interaction signal to changes in the macroscopic properties of materials, [5] for example, gelation and wettability. This process normally requires the participation of chiral guests or other asymmetric factors, [6] which can influence the assembly behavior of chiral aggregates or the conformation of chiral polymers and thus induce changes in the macroscopic properties of materials. Herein, we show that this process can also be modulated by nonchiral factors. [7] We report the ability of nonchiral solvents to trigger the reversion of chiral interactions for organogel formation. A mechanistic study indicated that solvents with different polarities determine the optimal conformations of chiral gelators and can unexpectedly initiate reverse interaction processes with chiral drug enantiomers. This finding not only enables a better understanding of the assembly behavior of chiral gelators, but can also be used to add new "smart" features to organogels. [8] We further demonstrate controllable enantiomeric separation based on this effect by the use of a semipermeable membrane modified with our chiral organogel. This membrane enables the selective permeation of l or d enantiomers through alteration of the polarity of the solvent.Because of their reversible swelling and shrinkage properties, controllable assembly behavior, and broad application prospects in chirality-related domains, chiral organogels or hydrogels have received considerable attention in recent years. [9] For this study, dipeptides were chosen as the fundamental units for the construction of chiral gelators owing to their abundant hydrogen-bonding sites and programmable sequence combination. A para-disubstituted phenyl group was introduced as a bridge to connect two dipeptide arms and form a structure with C 2 symmetry to Scheme 1. a) Molecular design of small-molecular gelators G1-G6 composed of two symmetrical dipeptide arms with different sequences linked to a rigid p-phenyl backbone; the structure of G1 is shown as an example. G7 and G8 are contro...