As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is predominantly found in the cytoplasm of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting its potential role in neurological disorders. Though SIRT2 is generally acknowledged to accelerate the development of neurological pathologies, it protects the brain from deterioration in certain circumstances. This review summarized the complex roles SIRT2 plays in the pathophysiology of diverse neurological disorders, compared and analyzed the discrete roles of SIRT2 in different conditions, and provided possible explanations for its paradoxical functions. In the future, the rapid growth in SIRT2 research may clarify its impacts on neurological disorders and develop therapeutic strategies targeting this protein.
SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that participates in a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotic cells. Sirt2, a NAD
+
-dependent deacetylase, usually exerts a tumor-suppressor function. However, the role of SUMOylation in cancer cells is not fully known. In this study, we found that SUMOylation can occur in the Sirt2 protein at both lysine 183 and lysine 340 sites. SUMOylation did not affect Sirt2 localization or stability but was involved in P38-mTORC2-AKT cellular signal transduction
via
direct deacetylation on a new substrate MAPK/P38. SUMOylation-deficient Sirt2 lost the capability of suppressing tumor processes and showed resistance to the Sirt2-specific inhibitor AK-7 in neuroblastoma cells. Here, we revealed the important function of Sirt2-SUMOylation, which is closely associated with cellular signal transduction and is essential for suppressing tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma.
Objects
Abnormal blood pressure (BP) regulation is a feature of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The present study was to analyze the BP alterations by 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring in PD patients with different disease stages and subtypes.
Methods
32 consecutive patients PD patients and 43 control patients in our hospital from 2017 to 2020 were included. The circadian BP rhythm was divided into three types according to the 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring. Dipping was defined as an average systolic BP (SBP) reduction during night‐time of 10%–19%. Reverse dipping was defined as an average increase in night‐time SBP values. The differences of the circadian BP rhythm and BP variability (BPV) were analyzed between PD group and the control group, the early PD group and the advanced PD group, as well as the tremor‐dominant group and the nontremor‐dominant group.
Results
There was statistical difference in circadian BP rhythm between PD group and control group (p < .05). There were statistical differences in circadian BP rhythm between the early PD group and the advanced PD group (p < .05). The mean values of night‐time SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) in the advanced PD group were higher than those in the control group and the early PD group (p < .05). The DBP CV in the advanced PD group was higher than that in the control group and the early PD group (p < .05). There was no significant difference of circadian BP rhythm, mean BP, and BPV between the tremor‐dominant and the nontremor‐dominant PD group after matching the disease duration.
Conclusions
Reverse dipping was more common in PD patients in this study, especially in the advanced PD patients. 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring is an important method to evaluate the BP alterations in PD patients. Clinicians should be alert to reverse dipping in PD patients and intervene to prevent serious clinical events.
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