is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine originating in Xinjiang. It is widely distributed in northern Africa, India, etc. The major bioactive component of is phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs). Echinacoside and acteoside are the indicative components for the determination of PhGs and are mainly used for liver protection, immune protection, etc. Therefore, it is very important to extract the PhGs from In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and high-speed shearing homogenization extraction (HSHE) methods were compared. Furthermore, the extraction conditions of the HSHE method were optimized. The results showed that the HSHE method was better than both the UAE and MAE methods, and the optimal extraction parameters of HSHE were an ethanol concentration of 50%, an extraction temperature of 70°C, a rotation speed of 16 000 rpm, an extraction time of 2 min, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9, and one extraction cycle. The yields of echinacoside and acteoside were 1.366 and 0.519%, respectively, and the transfer rates of echinacoside and acteoside reached 87 and 94%, respectively. It can be concluded that the HSHE method is a simple, rapid, and efficient technique for extracting PhGs from An efficient and ecofriendly HSHE method has been investigated for the extraction of PhGs from . The optimum conditions of the HSHE method for the extraction of PhGs from were obtained. This research provides a new method for the industrial extraction of PhGs from .
PhGs are the major active compounds of Cistanche tubulosa, and it is extremely desirable for obtaining high purification of PhGs by adsorption from their extracts. To explore highly efficient adsorption of PhGs, a novel adsorption material for the efficient separation and purification of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) from Cistanche tubulosa was explored. The three mesoporous carbons of ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), disordered mesoporous carbon (DMC), and three-dimensional cubic mesoporous carbon (CMK-8) were compared for adsorption of PhGs. Meanwhile, adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and the optimization of adsorption conditions were investigated. The results indicated that CMK-3 showed the highest adsorption capacity of 358.09 ± 4.13 mg/g due to its high specific surface area, large pore volume and oxygen-containing functional groups. The experimental data can be accurately described using the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model. The intra-particle diffusion model suggested that the rate-limiting steps of adsorption were intra-particle diffusion.
Acteoside (ACT) is the main component of phenylethanoid glycosides in Cistanche tubulosa, and it is extremely desirable for obtaining high purification of ACT by molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) from their extracts. In this study, MIPs were designed and synthetized to adsorb selectively the ACT in C. tubulosa. The effects of different functional monomers, cross-linkers, and solvents of MIPs were investigated. MIPs were studied in terms of static adsorption experiments, dynamic adsorption experiments, and selectivity experiments. The optimal functional monomer, cross-linking agent, and solvent are 4-vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate, and the mixed solvent (acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide, 1:1.5, v/v), respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the synthesized MIP1 has a high adsorption performance for ACT. The adsorption capacity of MIP1 to ACT reached 112.60 mg/g, and the separation factor of ACT/echinacoside was 4.68. Because the molecularly imprinted cavities of MIP1 resulted from template molecules of ACT, it enables MIP1 to recognize selectively ACT. Moreover, the N-H groups on MIP1 can form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the ACT; this improves the separation factor of MIP1. The dynamic adsorption of ACT accorded with the quasi-second-order kinetics; it indicated that the adsorption process of MIP1 is the process of chemical adsorption to ACT. MIPs can be applied as a potential adsorption material to purify the active ingredients of herbal medicines.
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