This population-based observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive survey was to investigate the relationship of increased face mask usage in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) era with mask-associated dry eye (MADE). Participants aged 6–79 years old with formal school education were selected. All participants finished the 19-item questionnaire online, distributed through different social media platforms. From 6925 participants who submitted eligible questionnaires, MADE was reported in 547 participants, which included 419 participants who developed new dry eye symptoms after wearing face masks and 128 participants whose pre-existing dry eye symptoms worsened with mask wearing. Longer time of face mask wearing, nonstandard wearing of face masks, reduced outdoor time, decreased daily reading time, shortened visual display terminals time, and dry environment were positively associated with MADE. There were significant associations between perceived MADE and age, female sex, education, use of glasses and contact lenses, and pre-existing dry eye. MADE was more common in adults aged > 20 years than those aged ≤ 20 years or juveniles. MADE incidence increased. Standard wearing of face masks was suggested as a protective factor for MADE. Awareness about the possible risk of MADE should also be created and the clinical dry eye signs should be verified.Clinical trial registration number: NCT04744805.
To systematically evaluate the clinical effect of wavefront‐guided laser in situ keratomileusis (WFG‐LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in terms of refractive errors and high‐order aberrations. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet was performed to identify studies evaluating the clinical outcomes of SMILE and WFG‐LASIK ended in May 2022. Meta‐analyses were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias of the RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook criteria, and the quality of the non‐randomised controlled studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. In total, 1385 eyes (SMILE group, 750 eyes; WFG‐LASIK group, 635 eyes) from 12 studies were included. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that spherical aberration was smaller in the SMILE group than in the WFG‐LASIK group (standardised mean difference [SMD]: −0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.47, −0.22; p < 0.00001), and that the postoperative values of vertical coma (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.03; p < 0.00001) and trefoil (SMD: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.72; p = 0.04) were higher in the SMILE group compared to the WFG LASIK group. There were no significant differences in the clinical outcomes and the values of induced total higher order aberrations between the WFG‐LASIK and SMILE groups (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: −0.09, 0.19; p = 0.47). Both SMILE and WFG‐LASIK were found to be safe, effective, and predictable. SMILE may induce more vertical coma and trefoil, whereas WFG LASIK may induce more spherical aberrations, but no significant differences were found in the total higher order aberrations between SMILE and WFG‐LASIK.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.