We report on the growth of high-quality stoichiometric layered Cr 2 Se 3 single crystals with metallic and noncollinear antiferromagnetic ground state using the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. The crystals show weak ferromagnetism in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions below the Neél temperature (T N ), however, the field-cooled out-of-plane magnetization at 500 Oe and 10 K (∼0.24 μ B /f.u.) is approximately 15 times larger than that of the in-plane one, indicating strong c-axis easy uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, which is further supported by the in-plane and out-of-plane isothermal anisotropic magnetic hysteresis loops and the angular dependent magnetoresistance (MR). The latter also reveals a decrease of the coercive field of the crystal upon the tilting of the weak ferromagnetic easy axis away from the direction of the magnetic field. Further, the out-of-plane isothermal MR are negative below T N and show butterfly shapes for T < 10 K and couple with the magnetic hysteresis M(H ) loop. These results may help researchers better understand the interplay between the weak ferromagnetism and the magnetotransport properties of 2D itinerant noncollinear antiferromagnetic systems.
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is an intrinsic property of magnetic materials that enable magnetic refrigeration devices without using the traditional vapour-compression. Temperature sensitive and anisotropic magnetic solids might give rise to a large rotating MCE for building compact and efficient magnetic cooling systems by simply rotating the sample. Here, we report an unprecedented maximal refrigeration capacity of 497.36 J/kg (at 70 kOe) in perovskite TbFeO3 single crystal, resulting from its giant anisotropic magnetic entropy change along a axis. Our paper reveals that interaction between Fe-3d and Tb-4f electrons drives extremely interesting spin reorientation transition, which is highly sensitive to magnetic field and temperature. These findings highlight potential applications of an emerging material for high efficient low temperature magnetic refrigeration, which is compact and quiet, and does not use ozone-depleting coolant gases.
RFeO3 orthoferrites, where R is a rare-earth ion of the lanthanide series, are attracting attention mostly because of their promising fast spin dynamics. The magnetic properties of these materials seem to crucially depend on whether the magnetizations of the R and Fe ions’ weak ferromagnetic (WFM) components are parallel or antiparallel to each other. Here, we report an extensive investigation of a high-quality DyFeO3 single crystal in which the induced Dy3+ magnetization (FDy) has a natural tendency to be antiparallel to Fe3+ sublattice magnetization (FFe) within a large temperature window. Moreover, we find that specific variations of temperature and applied magnetic fields allow us to make FDy parallel to FFe, or force a spin-flip transition in FFe, among other effects. We found three different magnetic states that respond to temperature and magnetic fields, i.e. linear versus constant or, alternatively, presenting either behavior depending on the history of the sample. An original magnetic field-versus-temperature phase diagram is constructed to indicate the region of stability of the different magnetic phases, and to reveal the precise conditions yielding sudden spin switching and reversals. Knowledge of such a phase diagram is of potential importance to applications in spintronics and magnetic devices.
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