In this report, we demonstrate that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) donor, promoted adventitious root formation mediated by auxin and nitric oxide (NO). Application of the H(2)S donor to seedling cuttings of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) promoted the number and length of adventitious roots in a dose-dependent manner. It was also verified that H(2)S or HS(-) rather than other sulfur-containing components derived from NaHS could be attributed to the stimulation of adventitious root formation. A rapid increase in endogenous H(2)S, indole acetic acid (IAA) and NO were sequentially observed in shoot tips of sweet potato seedlings treated with HaHS. Further investigation showed that H(2)S-mediated root formation was alleviated by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an IAA transport inhibitor, and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), an NO scavenger. Similar phenomena in H(2)S donor-dependent root organogenesis were observed in both excised willow (Salix matsudana var. tortuosa Vilm) shoots and soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. These results indicated that the process of H(2)S-induced adventitious root formation was likely mediated by IAA and NO, and that H(2)S acts upstream of IAA and NO signal transduction pathways.
Inflammation is part of the natural healing response, but persistent inflammatory events tend to contribute to pathology changes of tendon or ligament. Phenotypic switching of macrophages within the inflammatory niche is crucial for tendon healing. One viable strategy to improve the functional and biomechanical properties of ruptured tendons is to modulate the transition from inflammatory to regenerative signals during tendon regeneration at the site of injury. Here, we developed a tendon repair scaffold made of biodegradable polycaprolactone by electrospinning, which was modified to deliver Wnt3a protein and served as an implant to improve tendon healing in a rat model of Achilles tendon defect. During the in vitro study, Wnt3a protein promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. In the in vivo experiment, Wnt3a scaffold promoted the early recruitment and counting curve of macrophages and increased the proportion of M2 macrophages. Achilles function index and mechanical properties showed that the implantation effect of the Wnt3a group was better than that of the control group. We believe that this type of scaffold can be used to repair tendon defects. This work highlights the beneficial role of local delivery of biological factors in directing inflammatory responses toward regenerative strategies in tendon healing.
The morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing year by year. Cortex Moutan is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that has been widely used for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of diseases in Eastern countries due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Paeonol is a bioactive monomer extracted from Cortex Moutan, which has anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this article, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of paeonol against experimental atherosclerosis, as well as its protective effects on vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, platelets, and other important cell types. The pleiotropic effects of paeonol in atherosclerosis suggest that it can be a promising therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis and its complications. Large-scale randomized clinical trials are warranted to elucidate whether paeonol are effective in patients with ASCVD.
The thrust nappe played an important role in the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the middle part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, the timing, structural style and kinematic processes of the thrust nappe remain controversial, particularly the detail of the thrust nappe in the Guaizihu region (110 km east of Ejinaq). In this study, we investigate new field mapping, seismic sections, geochronology and low-temperature thermochronometric dating to provide constraints on the history of this thrust nappe in the Chaheilingashun area (northwestern Guaizihu region). The field mapping, seismic sections and structural analysis reveal that the autochthonous system had developed a series of strong fold structures in the upper Permian strata. The allochthonous system mainly contains Devonian monzogranite (U-Pb age, ranges from 386.7 to 389.0 Ma) and Meso-Neoproterozoic schists (the maximum depositional age, ~880 Ma), which were thrust upon the upper Permian strata during Middle to Late Triassic. Based on similar rocks, geochronological dating and the Yagan thrust, we suggest that the postulated root zone of this allochthon might have originated from the Huhetaoergai area (40-60 km northwest of the study area). The geochronological results reveal that the lower age limit of this thrust nappe is constrained by the Lower-Middle Triassic syntectonic sediments (tuffaceous sandstone, ~247 Ma), which is the sedimentary response of the fold structure.,The timing of the termination of this thrust nappe is defined by the cooling age ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data, 217-211 Ma) of the Devonian monzogranite and Meso-Neoproterozoic schists. Thus, we consider this thrust event in the study area to potentially have occurred in the period from 247 Ma to 211 Ma, which may represent the tectonic response to the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
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