Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of customer loyalty programs on relationship quality, relationship commitment, and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach-A survey with 480 qualified observations from department store customers in Taiwan was conducted. A structural equation modeling approach was used. Findings-Customer loyalty programs have a partially supported positive impact on relationship quality; service quality has a positive impact on relationship quality; customers with a positive relationship quality impact their relationship commitment; the higher the relationship commitment, the higher the loyalty; and a customer loyalty program partially supports a positive impact on loyalty. Originality/value-The paper shows that customer loyalty programs have positive influences on loyalty. However, short-term customer loyalty programs, namely, Minimum Purchase Gift Cards, displayed no significant influence on loyalty. The incentive of short-term customer loyalty programs is not sufficient for loyalty.

This research examines empirically the relationship among social capital, entrepreneurial orientation, organizational resource, and entrepreneurial performance for new ventures. Data was collected by means of mailing questionnaire to new ventures in Taiwan, and a total of one hundred and four qualified observations were collected. The results obtained in this research indicate that there are significant relationships among social capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and organizational resources. Additionally, the influence of social capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and organizational resources on entrepreneurial performance is significant.The findings suggest that new ventures can speed up information diffusion and look for the opportunities of new technology, new product, niche market, and financial resources through expanding external business

This analysis examines the influence of ethical sales behaviour, salesperson expertise, service performance, corporate reputation, and corporate performance on relationship quality and its consequences from multi-level perspectives in order to identify the nature of mix relationships at different levels. A survey with 505 qualified observations from financial institutions' customers in Taiwan was conducted. A structural equation modelling approach was used. Ethical sales behaviour, salesperson expertise, service performance, corporate reputation, and corporate performance, that is, the antecedents of relationship quality, have significant effects on relationship quality. Relationships exist between salespeople and customers, but customers also establish relationship with the retailers themselves. Satisfactory relationship quality has positive effects on commitment and loyalty. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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