In the present study, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) nanowire films were synthesized on silicon substrates, using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with a CH 4 /Ar/N 2 gas mixture at moderate temperatures. The influence of nitrogen concentration on the formation of NCD was investigated. The characteristics of NCD films were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and a contact angle meter. NCD nanowire films with 300-500 nm length were grown with the incorporation of nitrogen. Heterostructures of sp 3 -bonded diamond nanowires and sp 2 -bonded graphite were synthesized by adding small amounts of nitrogen to the CH 4 /Ar gas mixture. Surface roughness became smooth and the grain size decreased as the nitrogen was introduced into the CH 4 /Ar gas mixture. With the increase of nitrogen concentration, the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio of carbon bonds increased. The wettability of the NCD nanowire films was sensitive to the bonding structure. The hydrophobic and non-reactive properties of NCD nanowire films make them highly applicable for biomedical implants.
In the present study, a nanoporous, biocompatible titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) film was formed on the surface of titanium, using oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (OPIII), and the influence of this film on the bio-functionalization, including the proliferation and differentiation properties of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, was analyzed and investigated. The OPIII-treated surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron, which showed that a TiO x layer was formed on Ti substrates. This TiO x surface exhibited nanoscale surface roughness in the form of nanoporous structures. The results also revealed that MG-63 cells expressed increased proliferation on the OPIII-treated surface as compared with the untreated Ti substrate. The Ti specimens treated with plasma energy of 1 kW revealed better expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and showed higher average surface roughness than untreated specimens. Thus, it can be concluded that bioactivity of Ti implants can potentially be improved by OPIII.
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