Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a hearing loss that accounts for almost 90% of all hearing loss. Various factors can cause this disorder, one of which is diabetes mellitus (DM). However, few studies still discuss biomarkers to detect the incidence of SNHL in patients with DM as early as possible. The purpose of this paper is to determine the potential of biomarkers to detect SNHL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods: The author uses a database in the form of PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect used to search for articles using the Boolean operator "AND" or "OR" using the keywords "hearing loss," "diabetes," "biomarkers," "Prestin," "lipid profile," and "Nox2". A total of 276 studies were obtained, followed by the title and abstract screening and feasibility assessment (eligibility) to get inclusion studies included in the qualitative analysis (systematic study).
Result: A total of 10 inclusion studies consisted of 2 cross-sectional studies, 2 case controls, and six preclinical studies with 105 and 101 patients in the cross-sectional and case-control studies, respectively. A total of 5, 3, and 2 studies reported associations between hearing loss and Prestin, Nox2, and lipid profile values, respectively.
Conclusion: The biomarkers such as Prestin, Nox2 and lipid profile have a role in the early diagnosis of SNHL, but no related studies discuss T2DM. Therefore, basic and clinical studies are still needed to determine its effectiveness.
Hoya carnosa leaves or tebel-tebel leaves are known by the Balinese people in the countryside to treat middle ear infections in the medical language, otitis media or “curek” in the Balinese language. The study is true experimental randomized posttest-only control group design to evaluate the impact of ethanol extract sample as antibacterial. As antibacterial, the extract has an impact on the thickness of stroma middle ear epithelium with otitis media due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. The result showed average mean thickness stroma in the treatment group lower than controls.
Damage to fibroblasts within the cochlear lateral wall is suggested as one of the causes of hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to prove curcumin as a safe and effective substance to treat the cochlear fibroblasts damage measured by the expressions of type IV collagen. Twenty-four Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=4). Group I: the control group; group II: the diabetic group; group III and IV: the diabetic groups received curcumin therapy 200 and 400 mg/kgBW/day from day 3 -5; group V and VI: the diabetic groups received curcumin therapy 200 and 400 mg/kgBW/day from day 3 -10. Curcumin [16.62 ± 0.14]% w/w compared to Standard was administered orally, derived from Curcuma longa Linnaeus (turmeric). All samples were immunohistochemistrically examined for the expressions of type IV collagen in cochlear fibroblasts. Statistically significant differences were found for the expressions of type IV collagen (p<0.05) between group I and II, group II and V, and group II and VI. Curcumin proved to be potentially effective in the treatment of damage to cochlear fibroblasts regarding the increased expression of type IV collagen in diabetic rat models.
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