An organocatalytic asymmetric process was reported for the sterically precise construction of C-4 alkenyl substituted pyrazolone derivatives bearing multiple stereoelements. A series of interesting products featuring the union of a...
Sialic acids (Sias) are important constituents of cell surface glycans. Ready access to Sias in large quantities would facilitate the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines and small-molecule drugs. We now present a facile method for synthesizing various natural forms and non-natural derivatives or analogs of Sias by using a whole-cell catalyst, which is constructed by adding a plasmid containing necessary enzyme genes into a metabolically engineered strain of Escherichia coli. The flexible substrate tolerance of incorporated enzymes (N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase) allows the cellular catalyst to convert a wide range of simple and inexpensive sugars into various Sia-related compounds through an easily scalable fermentation process. Further, syntheses using this whole-cell biotransformation in combination with three conventional enzymatic reactions provide a series of complex Sia-containing glycans (sialyloligosaccharides) and their derivatives bearing different substituents. The processes described herein should permit the large-scale and economical production of both Sias and sialyloligosaccharides, and may complement existing chemical and enzymatic strategies.
The first asymmetric trifluoromethylated allylic alkylation of pyrazolones using α-(trifluoromethyl)alkenyl acetates as a novel trifluoromethylated allylation reagent is described, affording various functionalized chiral pyrazolones containing a trifluoromethylated allyl substituent in high yields with excellent regio-/enantio-/diastereoselectivities. Mechanistically, the doublebond migration of α-(trifluoromethyl)alkenyl acetates in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene is initial and interesting step. More importantly, this study is of significance in providing a novel and widely applicable trifluoromethylcontaining allylation reagent.
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