Despite a growing interest in interdisciplinary research, systematic ways of how to integrate data from different disciplines are still scarce. We argue that successful resource management relies on two key data sources: natural science data, which represents ecosystem structure and processes, and social science data, which describes people's perceptions and understanding. Both are vital, mutually complementing information sources that can underpin the development of feasible and effective policies and management interventions. To harvest the added value of combined knowledge, a uniform scaling system is needed. In this paper, we propose a standardized methodology to connect and explore different types of quantitative data from the natural and social sciences reflecting temporal trends in ecosystem quality. We demonstrate this methodology with different types of data such as fisheries stocks and mangrove cover on the one hand and community's perceptions on the other. The example data are collected from three United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere reserves and one marine park in Southeast Asia. To easily identify patterns of convergence or divergence among the datasets, we propose heat maps using colour codes and icons for language- and education-independent understandability. Finally, we discuss the limitations as well as potential implications for resource management and the accompanying communication strategies.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems’.
Universities' identities and institutional images are showcased on their websites to the rest of the world. Nowadays, many university websites (UW)s have been well-investigated for usability improvement for all users in general. This study aims to review the publications indexed in the Scopus database in 2021 using the search term 'University Websites' and to synthesize the main information being discussed in the manuscripts. Two main reasons why only papers published in 2021 were selected for this study. Firstly, in terms of the number of publications (N = 456) indexed in Scopus from 1996 to 2021, the 2021 publications are the most recent complete year. Secondly, 2021 topped the list of publications along with 2020. For the year 2021, a total of 58 publications were found in the Scopus database as of February 26, 2022. After screening all the papers, only 39 papers were used for this quantitative analysis. The present systematic review presented three major trends. Firstly, the publications on the UWs are expected to be higher in near future aligned with the speed of Industry 4.0 development worldwide. Secondly, there is a total of 24 countries and 1 region (Latin America) found in this review, with Indonesia leading the list with 8 publications. Thirdly, all the papers aimed to identify the obstacles and recommended ways and room for future improvements for all users regarding their UWs. This review paper highlighted the importance of having effective and up-to-date websites from social and economic viewpoints. It can be synthesized here that continual improvements in the knowledge of the effective usability of a UW can sustain a university's reputation and ranking ultimately.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.