This study was conducted to screen the antiplasmodial activity of chloroform extracts of Quassia borneensis against different intraerythrocytic cycle of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei NK65. The antiplasmodial activity was measured using SYBR green I assay for determining the concentration that inhibited 50% (IC50) of the Plasmodium’s activity after 24 hours of treatment (0.0001-100 mg mL-1). All of the extracts showed potent activity against all of the cycles. The trophozoite and schizont stages were considerably more sensitive to the extracts than the ring-stages parasites. The values were compared to the controls treated with chloroquine and artemisinin. Hence, the chloroform extracts of roots and bark of Q. borneensis demonstrated potent activities towards each life cycle of chloroquine-resistant P. berghei and has a potential to be developed as an antimalarial agent.
The family of Simaroubaceae is known to contain quassinoids, a group of compounds that have been reported to possess numerous biological activities such as anticancer and antimalarial activities. This study was carried out to evaluate the inhibition of HL-60 cells proliferation and antioxidant capacity of various extracts from Quassia borneensis, an unexplored indigenous Simaroubaceae plant from Sabah. The bark and root of Q.borneensis were extracted by Soxhlet and maceration in methanol and further partitioned with hexane, chloroform and water. Twelve different extracts obtained were named as Q1 to Q12. The antiproliferative activity was determined by MTT assay while antioxidant capacity of Q.borneensis extracts was measured using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay with or without the presence of HL-60 cells. Among all the extracts, the highest antiproliferative activity on HL-60 cells was shown by bark Soxhlet chloroform extract (Q7) with the IC50 of 5.0 µg/ml. Meanwhile, bark maceration chloroform extract (Q5) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity with or without the presence of HL-60 cells, where the FRAP value were 125.45 ± 9.10 µM FeSO 4 .7H 2 O and 181.55 ± 3.45 µM FeSO 4 .7H 2 O respectively. In conclusion, Q.borneensis possessed both antioxidant and antiproliferative activities on HL-60 cells where the highest activities were shown by chloroform extracts.
PENGENALANToksikologi meliputi kajian terhadap kesan mudarat akibat fenomena fi zikal seperti jenis radiasi, bunyi dan sebagainya. Dalam kehidupan seharian kita, terdapat pelbagai jenis bahan sama ada bahan sintetik atau semulajadi yang boleh mendatangkan kesan toksik terhadap pelbagai sel tubuh. Tambahan lagi, bahan ini juga mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan asas untuk merawat penyakit.Masyarakat dahulu bukan sahaja menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai sumber penting bahan makanan, malah turut dijadikan sebagai sumber perubatan tradisional (Muhamad & Mustafa 2010). Dianggarkan, terdapat lebih kurang 250 000 spesis tumbuhan berbunga di seluruh dunia dan daripada jumlah ini, kira-kira 150 000 spesis ditemui di negara tropika dan hampir 5% spesis telah diuji secara saintifi k bagi mengenalpasti komponen aktifnya (Prance 1997). Hampir kebanyakan spesis yang dilaporkan mempunyai potensi perubatan yang tersendiri.
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