The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of different feeds/nutrients and temperature on the gonadal development of Clarias gariepinus. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) HCT (29.06 ± 3.54%), PLT (90.75 ± 9.18/mm3), and MCV (118.08 ± 10.3 g/l). Fish meal diet revealed the most significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain, female GSI, and also exerted significant increases on most of the blood parameters. This study revealed that animal-based protein diet and temperature around 28℃ were the critical requirements for the physiological performance and relative gonadal weight of C. gariepinus. GSI and blood parameters were useful indicators of stress exerted by nutrition and temperature on fish, and their study is critical for fish health and mass production of viable seeds for aquaculture enterprise.

Histopathological changes induced by ectoparasites on gills and skin of Oreochromis niloticus (Burchell 1822

The aim of this study was to check the effect of multiple temperatures and various protein diet formulas on liver enzymes, gonadotropins, and growth hormone (GH) using African catfish Clarias gariepinus. C. gariepinus was exposed to multiple temperatures (T 24°C , T 28°C , and T 32°C ) and various protein diet formulas: D 1 (fishmeal-based diet), D 2 (soymeal-based diet), and D 3 (pea-meal based diet). Tilapia commercial feed (D 4 ) was used as reference diet. A total of 720 individuals with an average weight (101-104 g) were stocked at a density of 20 individual fish per tank in 12 tanks of three replicates. Liver enzymes, gonadotropins, GH, and fish fecundity were measured after 16 weeks. The results revealed that liver enzyme like glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered at T 28°C : D 2 diet, while glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase was lowered by T 28°C : D 4 diet. However, no effect was observed on creatinine (P > 0.05) at any experimental condition. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were significantly (P < 0.05) increased at T 28°C : D 1 diet and T 32°C : D 1 diet, respectively. GH was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by T 28°C : D 1 . The relative weight of the ovary of C. gariepinus was significantly (P < 0.05) increase at T 32°C : D 1 , while the testis relative weight was increased with T 24°C : D 3 . The result from this study revealed that there is a direct relationship of temperature on fish fecundity, enzymes, and reproductive hormones in C. gariepinus. The temperature of 28°C along with fishmeal or soy-meal positively improved the fecundity and health of fish.