CHUVA, meaning “rain” in Portuguese, is the acronym for the Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud-Resolving Modeling and to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). The CHUVA project has conducted five field campaigns; the sixth and last campaign will be held in Manaus in 2014. The primary scientific objective of CHUVA is to contribute to the understanding of cloud processes, which represent one of the least understood components of the weather and climate system. The five CHUVA campaigns were designed to investigate specific tropical weather regimes. The first two experiments, in Alcantara and Fortaleza in northeastern Brazil, focused on warm clouds. The third campaign, which was conducted in Belém, was dedicated to tropical squall lines that often form along the sea-breeze front. The fourth campaign was in the Vale do Paraiba of southeastern Brazil, which is a region with intense lightning activity. In addition to contributing to the understanding of cloud process evolution from storms to thunderstorms, this fourth campaign also provided a high-fidelity total lightning proxy dataset for the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R program. The fifth campaign was carried out in Santa Maria, in southern Brazil, a region of intense hailstorms associated with frequent mesoscale convective complexes. This campaign employed a multimodel high-resolution ensemble experiment. The data collected from contrasting precipitation regimes in tropical continental regions allow the various cloud processes in diverse environments to be compared. Some examples of these previous experiments are presented to illustrate the variability of convection across the tropics.

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RESUMO.-Objetivou-se avaliar a resistência de nematóde-os a alguns anti-helmínticos em rebanhos caprinos no Cariri Paraibano. Foram utilizados 144 animais no período seco e 120 animais no período chuvoso, fêmeas com idade acima de oito meses de vida e lactantes, distribuídos em 4 grupos: Grupo I não tratado, Grupo II tratado com albendazole a 10%, Grupo III tratado com ivermectina a 1% e Grupo IV tratado com fosfato de levamisole a 18,8%, nas doses recomendadas pelos fabricantes. Para avaliar a resistência, aplicou-se o teste de redução na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (RCOF) e o cultivo de larvas de helmintos. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the resistance of nematodes to some anthelmintics in dairy goats in Cariri Paraibano, Brazil. A total of 144 female goats, over 8 months of age, were used in the dry season and 120 ones during the rainy season, divided into four groups: Group I untreated, Group II treated with albendazole 10%, Group III treated with ivermectin 1%, and Group IV treated with levamisole phosphate 18.8%, at doses recommended by the manufacturer. To evaluate the resistance, the reduction in egg count per gram of feces and the cultivation of larval helminths. The fecal samples were collected on the day of treatment and, after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment. In the group treated with albendazole, 61%, 11% and 24% of efficiency was observed in the dry period, and 55%, 14% and 12% in the rainy season, at 7, 14, and 21 days respectively. In the group treated with ivermectin, efficacy was 14%, 70% and 66% for the dry period, and 76%, 34% and 71% for the rainy season, at 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. The group treated with phosphate Levamisole showed efficacy rates of 89%, 79% and 73% in the dry period, and 76%, 69% and 67% in the rainy season, at 7, 14 and 21 days. The results indicate that the gastrointestinal nematodes of some dairy goats in Cariri Paraibano are not sensitive to the active Albendazole, Levamisole and Ivermectin. During the study, presence of specimens of the genera Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides was identified.

Exercise training (Ex) has been recommended for its beneficial effects in hypertensive states. The present study evaluated the time-course effects of Ex without workload on mean arterial pressure (MAP), reflex bradycardia, cardiac and renal histology, and oxidative stress in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Male Fischer rats (10 weeks old; 150–180 g) underwent surgery (2K1C or SHAM) and were subsequently divided into a sedentary (SED) group and Ex group (swimming 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks). Until week 4, Ex decreased MAP, increased reflex bradycardia, prevented concentric hypertrophy, reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium and kidneys, decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle, and increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the left ventricle and both kidneys. From week 6 to week 10, however, MAP and reflex bradycardia in 2K1C Ex rats became similar to those in 2K1C SED rats. Ex effectively reduced heart rate and prevented collagen deposition in the heart and both kidneys up to week 10, and restored the level of TBARS in the left ventricle and clipped kidney and the CAT activity in both kidneys until week 8. Ex without workload for 10 weeks in 2K1C rats provided distinct beneficial effects. The early effects of Ex on cardiovascular function included reversing MAP and reflex bradycardia. The later effects of Ex included preventing structural alterations in the heart and kidney by decreasing oxidative stress and reducing injuries in these organs during hypertension.

Em sistema de sequeiro, o rendimento das culturas é altamente dependente das interações entre suas fases fenológicas e as variações climáticas provocadas principalmente pela irregularidade do regime pluviométrico. Nesse estudo foram utilizadas as anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico e os rendimentos anuais das culturas de feijão, milho, algodão herbáceo e mandioca, cultivadas em sistema de sequeiro no Nordeste do Brasil, nos anos agrícolas de 1974 a 1996. Obtiveram-se modelos de previsão de rendimento das culturas de sequeiro em função dos fenômenos oceânicos El Niño e Dipolo do Atlântico, utilizando-se apenas as anomalias significativas de TSM dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico, caracterizadas pelos picos superiores a 0,5 do desvio-padrão da série no período de novembro a março. Os resultados evidenciaram que esses modelos poderão ser utilizados com razoável precisão na identificação da tendência de rendimento das culturas de sequeiro e na elaboração de estratégias de combate aos impactos das secas na agricultura de subsistência do Nordeste do Brasil.

RESUMO -Os tumores mamários (TM) são frequentes na espécie canina, sendo que a etiologia pode estar relacionada a diversos fatores, sendo o mais importante o fator hormonal. Devido a isso, a castração precoce é a principal forma de se prevenir a doença em cadelas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de entrevistar tutores de cães na cidade de Teresina, a respeito do tumor de mama em cadelas. Foram abordadas 420 pessoas na cidade e observou-se que a maioria das pessoas não leva seu animal regularmente ao veterinário. Tal conduta diminui a possibilidade de diagnóstico precoce, fundamental em TM de cadelas. A maioria das pessoas respondeu que não castraria seu animal, demonstrando que não estão dispostos a adotar condutas importantes na guarda responsável. Dentre os que concordam com a castração, a anticoncepção foi apontada como principal motivo para muitos entrevistados. A maioria dos entrevistados (71,19%) não sabia que cadelas podem ter TM e dentre as pessoas que afirmaram saber, a maioria não sabia como prevenir a doença. Apenas 8,24% das pessoas citaram a castração antes do primeiro cio como conduta profilática para TM em cadelas. Diante dos resultados obtidos, constata-se que os habitantes de Teresina não possuem informações adequadas e suficientes a respeito de tumores mamários em cães. Sugere-se a instituição de campanhas educativas para diminuir a morbidade e mortalidade da enfermidade em cadelas.Palavras-Chave: cães; informação; glândula mamária; profilaxia; proprietário.ABSTRACT -Mammary tumors (MT) are common in dogs, and the etiology may be related to several factors; however the most important factor is hormonal. Due to this, early castration is the main method to prevent the disease in dogs. This study aimed to interview dog guardians in the city of Teresina, about the mammary tumor in dogs. We addressed 420 people in the city and it was observed that most people do not take your pet to the veterinary regularly. Such behavior diminishes the possibility of early diagnosis, key in MT of female dogs. Most people do not accept to spay your animal, demonstrating that they are not willing to adopt important conduits in responsible ownership. Among those who agree with castration, contraception was identified as the main reason for many respondents. The most respondents (71.19%) did not know that dogs may have MT and among the people who claimed to know, most did not know how to prevent the disease. Only 8.24% of people recognize spaying before the first heat as a prophylactic conduct for TM in dogs. Based on these results, it was concluded that the inhabitants of Teresina do not have adequate and sufficient information regarding mammary tumors in dogs. It is suggested the creation of educational campaigns to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the disease in dogs.

One herein reports a successful case of celiotomy by plastrotomy for removal of foreign bodies in yellow-footed tortoise (Geochelone denticulata). The animal was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piaui, with appetite loss, regurgitation, constipation, lethargy, reluctance to walk and slightly reddish ocular mucous membranes. Radiographic examination was performed, confirming the presence of foreign bodies in the stomach. The tortoise underwent celiotomy by plastrotomy for the removal of the foreign bodies. The opening of the plastron was performed through the abdominal shields, with the aid of a circular mini grinding saw. One performed an incision in the midline between the two abdominal veins to access the abdominal cavity. A gastrotomy for removal of the foreign bodies (nails, toothpicks, stones, pieces of plastic, glass and crockery pieces) was performed after the location of the stomach. The surgery was successful and confirmed with radiographic evaluation in the immediate postoperative period. The celiotomy by plastrotomy for removal of foreign bodies in that animal proved to be a viable, very important and safe technique to the survival of chelonians.