This paper examines leakage and damages of steam and provides an overview of NDT testing in order to determine the cause of steam lines failure in power plants and heating plants. This approach may be applied to similar structures and its application in preventive maintenance would help extend the life of steam pipes.
Brittle damages have been examined widely since welding became common practice when it comes to carrying out robust structures. Welded structure of the ship hull has to be continuous. Brittle damages that occur on hull structures have always been examined thoroughly. Cracks are most commonly initiated at locations where stress concentrators exist. These concentrators can originate due to flaws that occur during the design phase or due to mistakes that occur during the assembly of the structure. When it comes to failures and damages that occur at ship structures, it has been noticed that damages due to brittleness practically always happen at low temperatures. Impact test analysis is significant due to the fact that it replicates the ductile to brittle transition of steel in practically identical range of temperatures for all ship structures. Impact of ductile-brittle transition temperature is an important factor especially because there have been many ship failures and damages in history. In ship structures made of welded joints of high strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels with their segments (parent metal, weld metal and heat-affected-zone), the toughness test determines the tendency of steel to brittle fracture, respectively the tendency to increase brittleness during exploitation. Parameters obtained by testing the properties of plasticity are the fundamental for the composition of ship structures with the aim of realize strengths under tested load. The test results of high strength low-alloy steel toughness assessment at different test temperatures show that temperature significantly affects the impact toughness of steels and their alloys.
The design of mechanical components exposed to fatigue load, at a low number of cycles, requires knowledge of the behaviour of the material under the impact of variable load in conditions of controlled strain when cyclic plasticity is present. The aim of testing the quality of the material of the components exposed to low cycle fatigue (LCF) in many industries: nuclear, aerospace, mechanical, civil engineering and shipbuilding. In order to ensure the reliability and consistency of the results from different laboratories, it is necessary to collect all test data using test and data processing methodologies that are in accordance with a number of key points of ISO 12106:2017 and/or ASTM E 606-04 standards. This paper defines a new data processing methodology after the LCF testing of steel.
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