Abbreviations:FAME: fatty acid methyl esters ISSR: inter simple sequence repeats NOX: oxides of nitrogen SEM: scanning electron microscopy SOX: oxides of sulphur Samples of green colonial unicellular microalgaBotryococcus braunii were collected from Bear Shola Falls at Kodaikanal (latitude 10.31 N and longitude 77.32 E), Tamil Nadu, India. Specimens were isolated, cultured and examined for its hydrocarbon content, morphological features and DNA structural resemblance with the known strain to confirm its identity. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) finger printing revealed strong genetic similarity among the authentic strain (B. braunii N-836) and the Indian isolated strain (B. braunii CFTRI-Bb1) from *Corresponding author Kodaikanal. The type of hydrocarbons produced by the Kodaikanal isolates were analyzed and identified as saturated hydrocarbons in the range of C 21 to C 33 by GCMS. Tetracosane and octacosane were found as the major components among the saturated hydrocarbons produced by this alga, constituting 17.6% and 14.8% respectively. Hydrocarbon content of the organism was in the range of 13-18% of its dry biomass. The fat content of the organism was found to be 22% (w/w). Palmitic and oleic acids were found to be major fatty acids produced by the alga. Lutein and β-carotene were Dayananda, C. et al. 2found to be the major carotenoids and constituted about 64.1% and 25.1% respectively of the total carotenoids. Based on ISSR finger printing and hydrocarbon analyses the new algal strain from Kodaikanal was identified as Botryococcus braunii.The green colonial hydrocarbon rich unicellular microalgae Botryococcus braunii (Banerjee et al. 2002;Metzger and Largeau, 2005) is widespread in freshwater, brackish lakes, reservoirs and ponds. It is also widely distributed in reservoirs at temperate, tropical and arctic latitudes (Tyson, 1995). It is recognized as one of the potent renewable resource for production of liquid hydrocarbons. B. braunii is classified into A, B and L races based on the type of hydrocarbons produced (Metzger and Largeau, 2005). Race -A produces C 21 to C 33 odd numbered n-alkadienes, mono-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaenes and they are derived from fatty acids (Banerjee et al. 2002;Metzger et al. 2005). The L race yields a single C 40 isoprenoid hydrocarbon, lycopa -14(E),18(E)-diene (Metzger et al. 1990). The B race produces two types of triterpenes called botryococcenes of C 30 -C 37 of general formula C n H 2n-10 as major hydrocarbons and small amounts of methyl branched squalene. Certain strains of the B race also biosynthesise cyclobotryococcenes (David et al. 1988;Achitouv et al. 2004). Also a feature common to all three races is the presence of a highly aliphatic, non-hydrolysable and insoluble biomacromolecule (algaenan) found in their outer cell walls (Audino et al. 2002). The highly resistant nature of the B. braunii algaenan to degradation allows it to be selectively preserved during fossilisation, leading to fossil B. braunii remains, a major contributor to a number of high o...
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is the most common generalized paralytic disorder. The objective was to study the outcome of disability grade in two groups of GBS treated with plasmapheresis alone and treated with IVIg alone. A retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with GBS, admitted in our intensive care unit during the period of 3 years, 2009-2012 were included in the study. All patients of GBS who were to be treated with plasmapheresis or IVIg, the modality of management were always decided at their preference and consent after explaining the modalities to patient/family. The plasma exchange done was $200-250 mL of plasma per kilogram weight in five sessions (40-50 mL/kg per session) within 7-14 days. The replacement fluid contained 100 mL of 20% albumin diluted in 1000 mL of normal saline and 1000 mL of fresh frozen plasma. IVIg was administered as 0.4 g/kg body weight daily for 5 days. Our observations brought out the following, both the plasmapheresis and IVIg treatments were effective in reducing the disability grade amongst all time points, i.e., at presentation, immediate post-therapy and after 4 weeks. There was a marginal superiority in plasmapheresis over IVIg effect. However, whether the delay in presentation as noted in our study probably would have contributed to this effect was conjectural.
Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare form of B-cell lymphoma. We present a 54-year-old gentleman with mantle cell lymphoma. It was diagnosed based on the demonstration of B-cell antigens CD20 and CD5. It was further confirmed by demonstration of overexpression of cyclin D1 on these atypical lymphocytes in the immunohistochemical staining. He also had acute renal failure and proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed crescents and lymphomatous infiltration of tubulointerstitium. The presence of infiltrating cells with similar markers in both the lymph node and the kidney confirmed the infiltration of kidney with lymphomatous cells. Our present patient, after a thorough literature search, is found to be the second one with a glomerular lesion and tubulointerstitial infiltration by malignant lymphoma cells.
Rapid increase in fossil energy consumption has raised
Rhabdomyolysis may develop due to hypothyroidism alone without any precipitating factors, but such reports are rare. We report as such the first manifestation of hypothyroidism.
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