Electric drive is widely used in automotive practice. Its basis is an electric traction motor (TM), which, compared with an internal combustion engine (ICE), has such advantages as high efficiency, high overload capacity, a wide range of speed control, and the possibility of torque direct transmission to the drive wheels. The main requirements for a traction motor are high efficiency over the entire load range, ease of speed and torque control, high overload capacity, small weight and dimensions, regenerative braking capability, wide speed control range, simplicity and ease of maintenance. The most widely used as traction motors are synchronous electric machines with excitation from permanent magnets (PM). They are characterized by high torque density, efficiency and power consistency over a wide speed range. However, there are a number of problems that hinder the introduction of these electric machines in the traction drive of home cars, one of which is the lack of a methodology for choosing the design of an armature and an inductor at the stage of calculating the main dimensions of an TM with magnetoelectric excitation, taking into account the variety of schemes and methods of winding, PM placement in the inductor. The article deals with the issues of choosing electromagnetic loads for various cooling methods, the size of the non-magnetic gap, an algorithm for electromagnetic calculation based on the maximum torque, containing a number of refining cycles, is proposed. The values of inductances and design factors are determined by numerical simulation of the magnetic field. The features of the design and circuit design of the core and armature winding are considered. Distribution curves of magnetomotive forces of distributed and concentrated windings are obtained, their harmonic analysis is made, recommendations are given on the configuration of the TD armature active zone.
The paper studies an integrated starter-generator based on a synchronous machine with PM excitation (ISG), used to start an internal combustion engine (ICE) of an autonomous energy facility or vehicle and supply electric energy to its consumers. The purpose of the work is to obtain a mathematical model of the starting mode in the form of a system of differential equations, its virtualization by means of the Matlab Simulink package and a diesel engine starting simulation using ISG with the study of the starting process dynamic characteristics. It is also required to carry out experimental verification of theoretical results through field tests of a prototype starter-generator to confirm the mathematical model adequacy. Difficulties in the analysis and synthesis of ISG are due to the complexity of electromechanical energy conversion processes in it and the trapezoidal nature of the magnetic field spatial distribution in the gap, which was established when solving the magnetostatic problem by the finite element method. These features make it difficult to use traditional research methods. The mathematical model of the operation starting mode, obtained under a number of assumptions that do not affect the nature of electromechanical processes, makes it possible to investigate the ICG static and dynamic characteristics during the electric start of the internal combustion engine. The ISG start-up process simulation was carried out on the basis of equations describing the starter operation using control systems both without starting current limitation and with limitation and providing a sufficient starting torque. Modeling made it possible to determine the start duration and the change of the electromagnetic torque, inverter and winding currents. A prototype ISG was designed and manufactured. Full-scale tests of the diesel engine electric start system were carried out. The results obtained confirmed the adequacy of the developed mathematical model and the possibility of its use in the study of the ISG other specific operating modes.
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