ResumoA abordagem pedométrica da diversidade pedológica -ou pedodiversidade -pode ser aplicada em diversas escalas e permite identificar padrões de variabilidade espacial do sistema solo. A interpretação desses padrões evidencia características do complexo processo de formação e evolução do solo e podem subsidiar etapas do planejamento do uso e ocupação das unidades geográficas estudadas. Diversos índices para a avaliação da diversidade do objeto em análise sobre a superfície podem ser adotados em estudos de pedodiversidade. O mais comum, o índice de Shannon, foi adotado neste trabalho. Considerando as informações taxonômicas do Mapa de Solos do estado de Minas Gerais, escala 1:650.000, foi calculada a pedodiversidade para os biomas e as unidades geomorfológicas presentes no território mineiro. Ao final, foi proposto um mapa síntese da pedodiversidade em Minas Gerais. Esse mapa resulta de uma visão integradora dos resultados obtidos para os biomas e unidades geomorfológicas estudados. A depressão sanfranciscana, no contexto do bioma cerrado, caracteriza-se pela maior pedodiversidade no estado, constituindo um importante hotspot pedológico.Palavras-chave: pedodiversidade; geografia dos solos; solos de Minas Gerais.
AbstractPedometric approach of soil diversity -or pedodiversity -can be applied at several scales. This approach allows identifying patterns of spatial variability of the soil system. These patterns interpretation can evidence characteristics regarding to complex soil process formation and evolution. Pedodiversity studies can subsidise too some stages of the planning of the use and occupation of the geographic units studied. Several indices for the evaluation of soil diversity can be adopted. Shannon index, selected in this work, is the most common. Considering taxonomy information from the Soil Map of the state of Minas Gerais, scale 1: 650,000, the pedodiversity was calculated for the biomes and the geomorphological units present in the territory of this state. At the end, a synthesis map to Minas Gerais pedodiversity was proposed. This map is a integrative view of results obtained for biomes and geomorphological units. The San Franciscan depression, in Cerrado biome context, is characterized by the greater pedodiversity in the state, constituting an essential pedological hotspot.
The excessive amount of pesticides applied in agricultural areas may reach surface water, thereby contaminating it. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of pesticides used in a sub-basin headwater with coffee crops, situated in the Dom Corrêa district, Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais. The region of study is a great producer of coffee. Crops occupy steep areas and are situated close to surface water bodies. In this study, four sample collection points were selected in streams as well as a point in the distribution network and two points in the water treatment station (raw and treated water) a total of seven points. The samples were collected in rainy and dry seasons. Organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and triazoles pesticides were identified by liquid and gas chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry. The occurrence of pesticides was more evident in the rainy season. A total of 24 distinct pesticides were detected. At least one pesticide was identified in 67% of the samples collected during the rainy season and in 21% of the samples collected during drought. Many pesticides detected in water are not regulated in Brazilian legislation regarding potability
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