To establish reference values and to assess the influence of age on the leukograms of healthy Holstein calves, blood samples were obtained from 300 animals. These samples were distributed equally (n=20) among 15 experimental groups according to age: birth to 8 hours, 9 to 16 hours, 17 to 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 to 7 days, 8 to 9 days, 10 to 11 days, 12 to 13 days, 14 to 15 days, 16 to 20 days, 21 to 25 days and 26 to 30 days of age. The maximum numbers of leukocytes (9,305.0/mL), segmented neutrophils (6,551.2/mL) and total neutrophils (6,678.3/mL) were noted within the first 8 hours of life, while band neutrophils peaked in number (133.3/mL) between 9 and 16 hours after birth. Meanwhile, the maximum total lymphocyte (4,992.1/µL) and typical lymphocyte (4,686.1/µL) counts occurred between 21 and 25 days, whereas atypical lymphocytes (388.5/µL) reached their maximum number between 26 and 30 days, demonstrating an inversion of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio over time. Thus, the influence of age on the leukocyte count of the evaluated calves was verified. The release of endogenous corticosteroids during labor or at birth may contribute to this variation in leukograms with age.

<p>Foi avaliado o perfil hematológico de bezerros da raça Holandesa durante o primeiro mês de vida. Foram colhidas 208 amostras de sangue total de 26 bezerras(os) do nascimento aos trinta dias de vida. Os valores hematológicos foram determinados por sistema automatizado associado à contagem diferencial dos leucócitos por metodologia manual. Foram detectadas variações nos componentes do hemograma do nascimento aos 30 dias de vida, exceto para os teores de hemoglobina (Hb) e concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM). Os maiores valores do hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) foram observados ao nascimento, com decréscimo nos momentos subsequentes. Nos primeiros dias de vida foi observada leucocitose por neutrofilia e eosinopenia e com o avançar da idade houve aumento gradativo dos linfócitos. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a adaptação dos bezerros no período pós-neonatal foi caracterizada por variações nos componentes do hemograma, observando-se hemoconcentração e padrão leucocitário compatível com resposta aos glicocorticoides até o 4º dia de vida, responsável pela relação neutrófilo-linfócito &gt; 1,0 ao nascimento.</p>

ResumoA fim de estabelecer os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos da raça Dorper e avaliar a influência do sexo e idade nestas determinações, 72 animais foram distribuídos em três grupos experimentais de acordo com a faixa etária, sendo o Grupo 1 (G1) composto por animais com até 12 meses de idade (n=28), o Grupo 2 (G2) composto por animais de 13 a 36 meses de idade (n=37) e o Grupo 3 (G3) por animais de 37 a 60 meses de idade (n=7). Os animais foram distribuídos ainda em outros dois grupos exprimentais, de acordo com o sexo, sendo o Grupo 4 (G4) composto por fêmeas (n=57) e o grupo 5 (G5) por machos (n=15). Avaliando-se os resultados obtidos para os exames hematológicos e bioquímicos verificou-se que os valores médios de hemácias (13,4 ± 2,5x10 6 /mL), hemoglobina (12,6 ± 1,3 g/dL), volume globular (37,5 ± 3,7%), leucócitos totais (7.116,0 ± 1.967,0/mL) e neutrófilos segmentados (4.168,0 ± 1.501,0/mL) foram maiores nos animais do G1, assim como a ureia, GGT e FA (52,0 ± 17,0 mg/dL, 93,0 ± 19,0 UI / L e 257,0 ± 125,0 UI / L, respectivamente). Comparando-se os sexos, verificou-se que os valores de leucócitos totais (7.576,0 ± 2.082,0/mL), neutrófilos segmentados (4.296,0 ± 1.510,0/mL) e linfócitos (2.428,0 ± 1.084,0/mL) foram maiores nos machos (G5). Os valores de creatinina (1,3 ± 0,4 mg/dL), proteínas totais séricas (6,3 ± 0,9 g/dL) e globulinas (3,7 ± 1,0 g/dL) foram maiores nas fêmeas (G4). A análise estatística dos resultados encontrados permitiu determinar os valores de referência para os constituintes hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos da raça Dorper, além de concluir que ocorreram variações nos referidos parâmetros, influenciados pelo sexo e por diferentes faixas etárias. Palavras-chave: Hematologia, bioquímica, ovinos AbstractIn order to establish hematological and biochemical Dorper sheep values and evaluate the influence of sex and age in these determinations, 72 animals were assigned to three experimental groups according to age: Group 1 (G1) consisting of animals up to 12 months of age (n=28), Group 2 (G2) composed of animals from 13 to 36 months (n=37) and Group 3 (G3) for animals from 37 to 60 months (n=7). The animals were still divided in another two groups according to gender: Group 4 (G4) -females (n=57) and Group 5 (G5) -males (n=15). Evaluating the results obtained for hematological and biochemical examinations it was found that the mean values of RBC (13.4 ± 2.5x10 6 /mL), hemoglobin (12.6 ± 1.3 g/dL), packed cell volume (37.5 ± 3.7%), total leukocytes (7116.0 ± 1967.0/mL) and segmented neutrophils (4168.0 ± 1501.0/mL) were higher in the animals of G1, as well as urea, GGT and ALP

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of maternal cells from colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune response in Holstein calves. Calves were divided into 2 groups: COL+ (n=10) received fresh colostrum; and COL- (n=10) which received frozen colostrum containing no viable cells. The calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48h of age (D2), and weekly from D7 up to D28. Blood samples were collected for analysis of the distribution of leukocytes, cellular phenotype and in vitro granulocyte function. COL+ calves tended to have a high number of neutrophils on D7 (p=0.073). COL- calves took up significantly more Escherichia coli (measured as MFI) on D7 (p=0.034). Endogenous production of radicals (as percentage of cells) tended to be higher in COL- calves on D14 (p=0.061). The intensity of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by granulocytes tended to be higher in COL+ calves on D21 (p=0.094). Overall, ROS production (percent of cells, and MFI) induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were higher in COL+ calves than COL- calves. It was our observation that COL+ calves developed an innate immune response more quickly and efficiently after natural exposure to pathogens after birth. In contrast, COL- calves mounted an innate response more slowly that yielded a persistent inflammatory response after natural exposure to these bacteria agents. This research provides evidence of an advantage to the calf of receiving fresh colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune system.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of cells from colostrum on the health of neonate calves. Animals were distributed in 2 groups: COL+ (n=9) which received fresh colostrum from their own damns; and COL- (n=10) which received frozen colostrums from donors. Heifers were assessed before colostrum intake - D0; D2; D7; D14; D21 and D28. Heifers were monitored by clinical examination, hematological profile and serum iron. COL- had a higher diarrhea intensity score (typically 3) on D7. Moreover, a single case each of bronchopneumonia and navel inflammation were observed in COL- calves. COL- had fewer red blood cells (RBC) (6.5±0.8×10/μL) and less hemoglobin (Hgb) (8.3±1.4g/dL) than COL+ (RBC=7.2±0.8×10/μL; Hgb=9.6±1.3g/dL) at D14 (P≤0.05). COL- had more anemia on D21 (P=0.03) and on D28 (P=0.02). Iron was lower in COL- (5.6±2.7μM/L) than COL+ (10.7±6.2μM/L) (P=0.03) on D7. Lymphocytes was lower in COL- than COL+ on D7 (3.8±1.0×10/μL COL+ and 5.4±2.2×10/μL COL-, P=0.02). COL- calves had more anemia and lower serum iron concomitant with diarrhea on D7. The number of leukocytes was relatively consistent in the COL+ calves, while COL- calves showed an increasing number of of lymphocytes starting on D7.

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