Many companies, despite there being opportunities for automation in production and logistics (P&L) systems, still rely on human workers due to their cognitive and motor skills. Taking Human Factor (HF) aspects into consideration when making P&L system design and management decisions is therefore important, an ignorance of HF potentially resulting in operator fatigue, discomfort, subsequent injuries and negative consequences for operator performance and the P&L system. A review of the literature shows that the majority of studies that take HF into consideration focus either on designing the workplace or on operation planning activities. There is also still a gap in the literature. Little has been published on P&L systems that incorporate HF and that combine different levels of shortterm operational policy decisions (e.g. job allocation) and long-term system characteristic decisions (e.g. layout design). Current state-of-the-art frameworks that support the design and management of P&L systems and that take HF into consideration rarely consider different decision levels. This study proposes a new framework that incorporates HF into P&L systems by combining different levels of decisions to improve performance, quality, and well-being.
Even though the advancement of technology has a great influence on the production and logistics system (PLS), companies are more dependent on manual human work because of their cognitive ability and flexibility. Inversely, many decision support models in PLS have neglected the characteristics of human workers which could degrade their working conditions. Therefore, this paper would assist the managers in a production and logistics system to evaluate the current workload on their workers. This study would suggest different tools for evaluating the human factor aspects of operations management. Initially, the paper introduces the three aspects of human factors such as physical, mental and psychosocial. Thereafter, tools for evaluating these aspects are presented. The tools are NMQ, NASA TLX, SWAT, and JCQ. Then, this paper summarizes the contribution of tools towards the production and logistics system by classifying it into three segments such as process, system settings, and technology.
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