RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento ingestivo diurno de novilhos em pastagem de capim-braquiária submetidos a suplementação energética e proteica. Foram utilizados 40 novilhos Nelore, com peso inicial de 373,7 + 14,9 kg e 26 meses de idade, distribuídos em quatro níveis de suplementação: mistura mineral, 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% do peso vivo de suplementação energética e proteica. Os animais foram observados visualmente por dois períodos de 12 horas; das 6 às 18 h. and because of the roughage:concentrate ratio, therefore, attention on meal balance is required.
RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar as respostas econômicas de novilhos Nelore em terminação à suplementação em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha no Sudoeste da Bahia. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de agosto a novembro de 2006 em uma área de 52,0 hectares, dividida em oito piquetes de aproximadamente 6,5 hectares. Testaram-se quatro níveis de suplementação com concentrado (controle, 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% do peso vivo do animal) em comparação à suplementação com sal mineral. Os níveis de suplementação elevaram a quantidade de carne produzida por hectare. A curva de crescimento da receita é menos acentuada que a dos custos, o que resulta em achatamento do lucro de acordo com os níveis de suplementação estudados.Os melhores resultados biológicos obtidos com elevados níveis de suplemento não são economicamente sustentáveis, em decorrência do aumento do custo de produção, no entanto, níveis de suplementação inferiores a 0,3% do peso vivo na fase de terminação são viáveis e têm potencial econômico.Palavras-chave: Brachiaria brizantha, produção de carne, sistemas de produção de bovinos Supplementation levels in finishing of Nelore steers on pastures: economic aspectsABSTRACT -In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the economic responses of finishing Nellore steers to supplementation of Brachiaria brizantha pastures in southwestern Bahia. The experiment was developed from August to November 2006 in a 52-ha area divided in eight pickets of approximately 6.5 hectares each. It was tested four levels of concentrate supplementation (control, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% of the body weight of animal) compared to supplementation with mineral salt. Supplementation levels raised the amount of meat produced per hectare. The curve of revenue growth is less sharp than the cost growth curve, resulting in a flattening of profit according to levels of the studied supplementation. The best biological results obtained from high levels of supplements are not economically sustainable because of the increase in the production cost, however, supplementation levels lower than 0.3% of body weight in the finishing phase are feasible and they are potentially economical.Key Words: Brachiaria brizantha, meat production, production systems of cattle Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia IntroduçãoA cada ano que passa, o agronegócio brasileiro consolida sua importante posição na economia, como resultado do avanço tecnológico, do incremento na produtividade e da ocupação de novas áreas (Fernandes et al., 2007). Desta maneira, como qualquer atividade do setor pecuário, para se manter competitiva, deve ser constantemente avaliada, principalmente no que tange aos aspectos econômicos. Neste contexto, os custos de produção da atividade, a receita obtida e a rentabilidade do capital investido são fatores importantes para o sucesso de qualquer sistema de produção.A produção de carne no Brasil tem crescido significativamente, observando-se que, a partir de 1990, com a globalização da economia e a abertura dos mercados, intensificou-se ainda mais o processo de modernização ...
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal (CM) content on the chemical-bromatological composition, as well as the fermentation characteristics and dry matter losses of sugarcane silage. The treatments consisted of four levels (0, 7, 14 and 21% natural matter) of addition of castor bean meal. The design was completely randomized, with five replicates. The material was ensiled in PVC silos of 50-cm in height and 10-cm in diameter, which were opened after 60 days. The density of fodder maintained in the silos was equal to 750kg of natural matter/m 3 . In order to quantify the gas and effluent losses, the silos were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The addition of castor bean meal has increased the levels of DM and crude protein and reduced the levels of neutral detergent fiber, N-NH 3 , ethanol, and gas and effluent losses from silages, but did not affect pH values. During ensiling, alcoholic fermentation was controlled with the inclusion of the additive. RESUMOO experimento foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de níveis de farelo de mamona destoxificado sobre a composição químico-bromatológica, as características fermentativas e as perdas de matéria seca da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos consistiam em quatro níveis (0, 7, 14 e 21% da matéria natural) de inclusão do farelo de mamona. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Foram usados silos de PVC, com 50cm de altura e 10cm de diâmetro, para a produção das silagens, que foram abertos após 60 dias. A densidade de forragem nos silos foi correspondente a 750kg de matéria natural/m 3 . Os silos foram pesados no início e ao final do período experimental para quantificar as perdas por gases e efluentes. A inclusão de farelo de mamona elevou os teores de MS e proteína bruta e reduziu os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, N-NH 3 , etanol e as perdas por gases e efluentes das silagens, não ocasionando efeito nos valores de pH. A fermentação alcoólica durante a ensilagem foi controlada com a inclusão do aditivo.
Climate changes have increased soil and water salinity, compromising animal production especially in dry areas where scientists have become more interested in halophyte plants, like saltbush. The effects of saltbush hay levels (30, 40, 50 and 60%) were evaluated based on physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory parameters of Santa Inês lamb meat. Thirty-two 8-month-old castrated Santa Inês lambs, with initial weights of 22±1.97 kg were used; they were slaughtered after 60 days in the feedlot. The pH, colour, moisture, protein and cholesterol contents did not differ among treatments. Panelists observed a greater intensity of lamb smell and flavour (P=0.0035) in the meat of animals that received more concentrate in the diet. An increase in the inclusion of saltbush increased ash percentage (P=0.0232), total saturated (P=0.0035) and polyunsaturated (P=0.0287) fatty acids and reduced the lipids (P=0.0055) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (P=0.0058) of the meat. Therefore, saltbush hay can be used as a feeding resource in regions with problems of water and soil salinity because it does not impair the physicalchemical, nutritional and sensory quality of sheep meat.
SUMMARYThe experiment was developed to evaluate the effects of wilting and inclusion of cassava meal level on nutritive value, fermentative characteristics and losses of elephant grass silage. The 4 x 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with four repetitions, in a completely randomized design. The factors evaluated were wilting (without and with) and cassava meal level (0; 7.5; 15 and 22.5% of natural matter, DN). PVC silos with 50 cm height and 10 cm diameter were used for silages production, which were opened after 60 days. The wilting and cassava meal addition had increasing linear effect on DM content. Silages with cassava meal showed reduction of total nitrogen, ether extract, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber ash and protein free, acid detergent fiber, celluloses, hemicelluloses and lignin contents and increase of organic matter content, DM in vitro digestibility and total digestible nutrients. Relative to variables inherent to silages' fermentative characteristics, pH presented quadratic behavior. Concerning to ammonia nitrogen, it was observed quadratic and decreasing linear behavior for silages without and with wilting, respectively. Wilting and cassava meal inclusion provided smaller effluent losses.
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