Until now, 20 species of leaf-mining micromoths of the genus Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) have been known to occur in the Neotropical region. Here we revise the previously known species and describe seven new species: four from French Guiana, P. kawakitai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. norak Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. ohshimai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. petronellii Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov.; and, three from Brazil, P. helios Brito & Moreira, sp. nov., P. jupiter Brito & Moreira, sp. nov. and P. xylopiella Brito & Becker, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for P. aurilinea Zeller, 1877; P. citrella Stainton, 1856; P. rotans and P. sexangula Meyrick, 1915. Detailed descriptions of the pattern of forewing fasciae are provided for all species. Host plant associations, photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia, when available, are provided for the described species of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. In addition, DNA barcodes were used for the delimitation of some species.
The pantropical genus Atteva Walker, 1854 comprises over 50 species of mostly brightly-coloured, medium-sized moths (Dugdale et al. 1999: 122) some of which are common. A total of 15 species are present in the New World, including the four new ones described here. The New World members of the genus have never been reviewed and most of them never illustrated. The few which were are in scattered and mostly old literature not easily available. An illustrated treatment is presented here to allow identification of the species occurring in the New World. Nearly 3,000 specimens, including type-material, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington (USNM), the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh (CMNH), the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH), and in the author's collection in Camacan, Bahia, Brazil (VOB), were examined. Other type material studied here is deposited in the following institutions: Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna (NM), the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität in Berlin (MNHU) and the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia (ANS). More than 90% of the specimens examined belong to the widespread pustulella-aurea complex. Abbreviations for States of Brazil, México and the United States follow Heppner (1984: xvii-xviii). The combination of colour pattern with geographical distribution enables easy recognition of the species, whereas characters of the genitalia are very similar throughout the genus A review of the New World Atteva Walker moths (Yponomeutidae, Attevinae)
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