Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra‐ and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities.
Aposematism and crypticity are visual defensive strategies against predation; however, the relative effectiveness of these two strategies to reduce the risk of predation is not yet fully understood. We evaluated the risk of predation for caterpillars with cryptic and aposematic colouration as well as the probability of predation relative to the natural variation of contrast with the substrate. We expected that the two models would experience similar predation attempts and that the contrast with the substrate would be negatively related to the predation on aposematic mimic models and positively to the predation of cryptic models. Overall, 224 models were laid out along a transect and exposed to predation for five consecutive days during winter and autumn. Daily predation was 11.0% (winter) and 4.8% (autumn). Significant differences were not observed between predation rates on the two model types (50.6% aposematic). Most of the predated models had arthropod marks (86.4%) and only 13.6% had bird marks. The chance of predation was higher the greater the contrast between the aposematic mimic model and the substrate, although no relationship was observed for the cryptic model. Our results suggest that the two colour patterns do not differ in their defensive effectiveness and that micro-habitat selection might define the predation risk on aposematic mimic caterpillars in environments dominated by arthropod predators.
ResumoAs chances de sobrevivência das espécies podem estar relacionadas com a capacidade de deslocamento entre os fragmentos florestais. Assim, torna-se fundamental a compreensão da capacidade de suporte dos fragmentos remanescentes para o seu deslocamento periódico, já que densidade populacional da espécie é um dos fatores que pode determinar se haverá ou não deslocamento entre os fragmentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aumentar o conhecimento sobre a espécie Formicivora rufa (Papa-formiga-vermelho). O estudo foi realizado em uma área inserida no Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha e na APA de Setiba, localizados no município de Guarapari (ES). Os territórios foram mapeados e mensurados através do método do Mínimo Polígono Convexo (MPC). A média do tamanho dos territórios foi de 0,05 ha. Os resultados mostraram também uma correlação positiva entre a quantidade de indivíduos em um território em relação ao tamanho do território, que é justificado pelo fato de vários indivíduos juntos conseguirem defender uma área maior em relação a poucos indivíduos da mesma espécie.Palavras-chave: mata atlântica; mínimo polígono convexo; papa-formigavermelho. AbstractThe survival probabilities of the species are related to the ability to shift between the forest fragments. Thus, it becomes essential to understand the carrying capacity of the remaining fragments for the periodic displacement of species. Although there may still be appropriate conditions for local migration, the population density of the species will determine whether there is movement between fragments.
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