India has higher incidence of low birth weight as compared to any other developed country in the world. Also the sequelae of low birth weight like morbidity and mortality due to lack of early identification and treatment is a major problem throughout India. Hence, this study was conducted in Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore with objective of assessing the fetal malnutrition (FM) in term newborns using Clinical assessment of nutritional status (CANS) and comparing with other available methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using 225 full-term neonates delivered at MMC & RI, Mysore, over one month period of June 2013. Birth weight, length, mid arm circumference (MAC) and head circumference (HC) were recorded in the newborns. Ponderal index (PI), wt/GA, MAC: HC ratio and MAC were calculated. Clinical assessment of nutritional status was done on the basis of CAN score and compared with other methods. RESULTS: Total 225 neonates studied with male: female ratio of 1.1:1. CANS found 45.7% (103) neonates with FM. Wt/GA was more sensitive (98.06%) and correlating statistically (p=0.000) with FM detected by CANS. FM detected by PI, MAC: HC ratio and MAC were less correlating and less sensitive to that of CANS (sensitivities=86.40%, 51.45%, and 50.48% respectively). CONCLUSION: Clinical assessment of nutritional status (CANS) being a simple clinical-tool, can detect fetal-malnutrition (FM) without aid of any sophisticated-equipment in termneonates which are missed by other methods. CANS can be used as a screening-tool in resourcelimited settings of India effectively.
BACKGROUND Enteric fever has been very a common and many times a fatal infective disease found in developing countries and has been known to have increasing resistance to novel drugs. So, there is an urgent need for a simple, therapeutic, cost-effective medicine to treat typhoid fever & to prevent further drug resistance. METHODS It is a non-randomized, case-control study done in Paediatrics department of Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Research centre of KAHER (KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research), attached to J N Medical College, Belagavi, over a period of 18 months from June 2017 to December 2018. The study included 200 children (2-17 years of age) with positive Widal result, uncomplicatedenteric fever; in this cohort, 100 children were treated using (oral, low dose, for short duration of 6 days) Azithromycin and remaining 100 children were treated with (intravenous, 7 days) Ceftriaxone. Each child was assessed clinically every day, & study results were captured as clinical and microbiological cure or failure, at the end of either drug regimens. This descriptive data was statistically analysed in SPSS-20.0 software. The p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant statistically. RESULTS Periods required by children for responding to drug therapy and to became afebrile i.e., defervescence were significantly (p=0.000) less with Azithromycin receiving group than ceftriaxone receiving group. 95% of children who received azithromycin showed defervescence by 5 th day of regimen but, only 29% of children receiving ceftriaxone attained defervescence by 5 th day of regimen. There was no microbiological clearance at 10 th day in only one case of ceftriaxone trial-group. Significantly (p=0.027) there was early clinical cure in azithromycin trial group as compared to ceftriaxone trial group. The microbiological cure was not comparable in either groups (p=0.135).
BACKGROUND Dengue fever has been a common and fatal vector borne disease in tropical countries and is found to be present throughout the year and also to occur in epidemics. There has been very little information on dengue illness in infants; also, there are few efforts to compare the illness of infants and that of older children. We wanted to compare the clinical features of dengue fever including complications and outcome along with the laboratory parameters in infants with those of older children. METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study. Case records of sero positive cases of dengue fever admitted to in the RESULTSA total of 31 infants (less than or equal to one year) with dengue fever, were compared with 80 older children (more than one year) with dengue fever. Mean age of infants was 5 months and that of older children was 9.2 years. Male to female distribution was 2:1.4 in infants, and 1.8:1 in older children. Symptoms like cough, coryza, diarrhoea, convulsions, flushing and reduced urine output, were more common in infants compared to older children, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, petechiae, conjunctival haemorrhage were more common in infants which was statistically highly significant (p=0.000). Mean haematocrit value was significantly higher in infants compared to older children (p=0.000). Complications of dengue like dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and/or dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were more common in infants as compared to older children (p<0.05). The time taken for recovery of platelet count to more than 100000/cumm, time taken to become afebrile, and duration of hospital stay, were longer in infants as compared to older children which was statistically highly significant (p= 0.000). CONCLUSIONSDengue infection in infants when compared with that of older children is more severe. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Machakanur V, Kamble M. Study of dengue fever between infants (≤1 year) and older children (>1 year) in a tertiary care hospital.
Introduction: Hyperlipidemia and its complications are common health issues in the current era with multifactorial in origin. Foetal malnutrition results in neuroendocrine, pancreatic, and adipose tissue dysfunction, ultimately increasing food intake and decreasing energy utilisation. It leads to an increase in adiposity and insulin resistance and ultimately increase adult diseases in later life. Aim: To compare the lipid profiles of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) and Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) babies. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India over a period from December 2020 to March 2021. A total of 133 deliveries were recruited randomly and babies were divided into cases including those small for gestational age and controls including those appropriate for gestational age. Data was analysed and described using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and range) and inferential statistics (Students’ t-test). Results: There were 99 Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) and 34 small for Gestational Age (SGA) babies studied. This study found that SGA-babies had statistically significantly lower gestational age (37.69±2.45 weeks) at birth compared to AGA-babies (Mean 38.55±1.11 weeks) t=-2.351 p=0.022. The mean Total Cholesterol (TC) level (63.62±40.48 mg/dL) was higher in SGA-babies compared to AGA-babies (48.69±2.29 mg/dL) and this difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.007). The mean High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels of SGA and AGA babies were comparable with no statistical significance (21.82±13.26mg/ dL of SGA; 21.49±14.64mg/dL of AGA; p-value 0.907). The mean Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) level (17.11±25.35 mg/dL) was higher in SGA-babies compared to AGA-babies (9.47±9.35 mg/dL) and this difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.012). Conclusion: Levels of all lipids were found to be higher in SGA- babies than in AGA-babies.
Introduction: Background: Cardiovascular diseases are common cause of moertality in developed countries and also are rising trend in developing countries. It has its roots in adverse fetal environment; which lead to adult diseases like Coronary artery diseases in later life. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare & contrast the lipid profiles in term and preterm neonates. Materials and Methods: a case-control study was conducted in departments of Pediatrics & Obstetrics of Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka of India over a period of 10 months. 500 deliveries were recruited randomly which met the inclusion criteria after informed written consent;babies were divided into Comparison group 1 (Preterm gestation of <37weeks gestational age)& comparison group 2 (term gestation of >37 weeks gestational age).Cord blood lipd-profiles of these babies were compared & studied. Results: Out of 500 babies studied,there were 197 preterm (<37weeks gestational age) & 409 term babies (>37 weeks gestational age) babies.The Mean gestational age was 39.55±1.11 weeks for term babies & 34.50 ± 2.77 weeks for preterm babies.The mean TC level (73.76±27.98 mg/dL) was higher in comparison group 1(preterms) compared to comparison group 2(term)babies(62.60 ± 34.20mg/dL) and this difference was statistically very significant(P=0.003). The mean low density lipoprotein(LDL) level (35.54 ± 20.96mg/dL) was more higher in comparison group 1(preterms) compared to comparison group 2(term)babies (27.89 ± 15.62 mg/dL) and this difference was statistically very significant(P=0.001). The mean very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) level (11.12 ± 5.13mg/dL) was more higher in comparison group 1(preterms) compared to comparison group 2(term)babies (8.68 ± 7.55 mg/dL) and this difference was statistically very significant(P=0.003).The mean Triglycerides(TGs) levels of comparison group 1(preterms) & comparison group 2(term)babies were comparable with no statistical significance(42.63 ± 25.80mg/dL of preterm babies ; 42.43 ± 28.10mg/dL of term babies;P=0.948).The mean High density lipoprotein(HDL) levels of comparison group 1(preterms comparison) & comparison group 2(term)babies were comparable with low statistical significance(26.37 ± 13.65mg/dLof reterm babies ; 24.78 ± 10.76mg/dL of term babies;P=0.218). Conclusion: Levels of most lipid components were observed to be higher in preterm babies compared to term babies.
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