Background : The content of water in fat cells in obese people is lower than muscle cells so that obese people are more easily dehydrated.Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors of dehydration in adolescents.Methods : This study was a cross sectional study which began with screening of 168 students at SMA N 1 and 2 Semarang and found 63 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable of this study is hydration status measured by the urine spesific gravity method. The independent variables consisted of obesity status that determined by the BMI/Age Z-score value, fluid intake was assessed using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), physical activity was assessed using physical activity questionnaire, whereas knowledge regarding fluid was assessed by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test.Results ; There were 52,4% (n=33) subjects who were obese and only 9,5% (n=6) subjects were well-hydrated. The incidence of dehydration in obese adolescents (63,6%) was higher than non obese adolescents (36,7%). Obese subjects was 1.73 times more dehydrated than non obese subjects. Subject with deficiency of fluid intake was 1,85 times more dehydrated than subject with adequate fluid intake. Knowledge regarding fluid and physical activity was not a risk factor for dehydration in adolescents.Conclusion :Obesity and inadequate fluid intake ia risk factor for dehydration in adolescents
Physical activity is an important component in measuring energy need of an athlete. Pedometer is a tool to estimate energy expenditure from physical activities based on footsteps. This study aims to analyze the differences of energy needed and adequacy on athlete based on physical activity measurement by using pedometer and calculation. This is an observational study with cross sectional design in 4 football school in Semarang. The samples of this study were 76 athletes aged 15-20 years old. The subject of study was selected by using consecutive sampling. Independent variable was energy expenditure from playing football measured by using pedometer and calculation. The dependent variable was energy need and adequacy. The data of food intake through recall of 3x24 hours. The means of energy adequacy based on energy expenditure from playing football is using calculation was 63,12±10,50 kcal, meanwhile by using pedometer was 70,57±12,70 kcal. The means of energy need based on energy expenditure from playing football is using calculation was higher than using pedometer, with the value of difference was 359 kcal. There was a difference in the means of energy need and adequacy based on energy expenditure from playing football by using calculation and pedometer.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the correlations of metabolic syndrome components (central obesity, triglyceride levels, and hypertension) and related factors including nutrient intake and bone physical activity with bone density in obese adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 47 obese adolescents (15-18 years) from three high schools in Semarang city, Central Java, selected by consecutive sampling. Bone density was measured by the Quantitative Ultrasound method. Metabolic syndrome and osteopenia were detected in 28% and 11% subjects, respectively. Positive correlations were found between triglyceride levels, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, current bone-physical activity (cBPA) and bone density (p<0.05). Conversely, central obesity, blood pressure, protein intake, animal protein, plant protein, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, past bone-physical activity (pBPA), and total bone-physical activity (tBPA) were not correlated with bone density. It was found that calcium intake, cBPA, and triglyceride levels were the two strongest factors related to bone density (adjusted R 2 =52.5%). This study showed that obese adolescents are at risk of having metabolic syndrome and higher triglyceride levels imply lower bone density.
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