It is assumed in standard information protection technologies that there are owners of this information who put forward requirements for protection. In secret voting systems, the information belongs to the community of citizens, and to protect it, vote organizers must create conditions that allow each voter to make sure that the vote secrecy and accuracy of vote counting are preserved. In developed democracies, this issue is resolved through a widely available audit of all procedures that may be mistrusted. Any voter can conduct such an audit. The anxiety of citizens of democratic countries is based on the idea that if electronic voting is introduced, it will be impossible to conduct such an audit. The article proposes principles of auditing all those software and hardware tools and processes of the online voting system that can generate voter distrust. This audit is carried out using a dedicated server open to voters and their fiduciaries. This server provides continuous monitoring of actions of the service staff in terms of possible interference in the operation of the voting system. Also, due to this server, auditors receive data on the integrity of the voting system hardware and software including its audit tools and an alarm signal in the event of a threat. It was possible to reduce the average time of processing the voter requests to two seconds. This means that processing a maximum of 2,500 voter requests at a vote station will take no more than two hours. Simultaneous access of 50 voters to the server will not make them wait in the queue for more than 2 minutes. Implementation results were described and links were given for conducting experimental voting on the Internet.
The interpretation of law plays a special role in the process of legal communication. Subjects of law, entering into legal relations of a certain type, interpret the content of legal norms already at the subconscious level with the aim of better satisfying their subjective rights, realization of legitimate interests and the proper implementation of legal obligations. The rule of law has general and abstract character that permit to cover a large number of specific situations, but which always differ in their individuality, their personalized nature. Taking into account this, as well as the existing shortcomings of the rule-making process, such as the presence of the vast majority of blanket and reference norms in constitutional law and non-compliance with the rules of legal technique, resulting in difficulty of expression or lack of normative definition of special legal terms, there is a need for interpretation of legal acts. The article is devoted to determining the nature of the interpretation of law and its role in the implementation of the constitutional and legal policy of the state. Various methodological aspects of the concept of legal interpretation and techniques of interpretation of law, as well as the criteria of truth and correctness of interpretation of law in the process of learning the content of legal norms are studied. The ratio of the categories «legal interpretive policy» and «legal interpretive form of legal policy implementation» is analyzed. It is concluded that the state-authorized subjects of legal interpretation, based on legal doctrine, form a legal interpretive policy aimed at developing a strategy and tactics for unification of legal ideas on adequate and uniform understanding and application of norms of the Constitution of Ukraine and other legal acts by all subjects of constitutional law. The means of achieving the goals of legal interpretive policy and fulfilling its tasks are legal doctrine, legal interpretation technique, interpretive practice, information resources and legal interpretative acts. Legal interpretive policy gives grounds to single out legal interpretation as an independent form of implementation of constitutional and legal policy along with law enforcement form, which is important for proper protection of human rights and freedoms, development of civil society and principles of sovereignability of the Ukrainian state on the basis of their equal understanding and application. Keywords: interpretation of law, legal interpretative acts, legal interpretive technique, constitutional and legal policy, legal interpretive policy.
Ukraine as a social, legal state forms the national external and internal policy on the basis of guaranteeing and unconditional provision of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, proclaimed by the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, certain categories of citizens today need special state support because of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. This issue has heightened social and legal significance because the number of persons who lost their property, became the victims of physical and psychological torture, sexual violence in the result of war crimes committed by the Russian military has much increased compared to 2014-2021. Many children are among the injured and dead. The question of proper provision and protection of the constitutional rights and freedoms of aggrieved persons is a priority issue of the constitutional and legal policy of Ukraine today. However, the granting a necessary support by the state requires the formal assignment of the appropriate legal status to each category of persons. The urgency of resolving these questions under the state of martial law actualizes the issue of proper defining the characteristics of legal status of each category of Ukrainian citizens affected by the military (armed) aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In the article there investigated various theoretical approaches to determining the legal status of an internally displaced person. The ratio of the categories “internally displaced person”, “migrant” and “refugee” is analyzed by studying the provisions of Ukrainian and foreign constitutional legislation as well as international legal documents. There determined the defects of the constitutional legislation of Ukraine in matters of legal regulation of the legal status of citizens of Ukraine, including children, and foreigners, who suffered in a result of military (armed) aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, due to the inconsistency of the constitutional and legal policy of Ukraine. It is concluded that the current constitutional and legal policy of Ukraine should be formed more considerably and according to national interests, not only under the impact of international experts’ recommendations, timely take into account new legal facts, that will permit to avoid lacunae and collisions in national legislation in future. Key words: constitutional and legal policy, legal status, internally displaced person, deportation, military aggression
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