The aim of this study was to assess the ability of selected strains of cyanobacteria and microalgae to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by using two procedures; (i) suspending the live and washed biomass of microalgae and cyanobacteria into the AgNO3 solution and (ii) by adding AgNO3 into a cell-free culture liquid. Ag-NPs were biosynthesized by 14 out of 16 tested strains. In most of the cases Ag-NPs were formed both in the presence of biomass as well as in the cell-free culture liquid. This indicates that the process of Ag-NPs formation involves an extracellular compound such as polysaccharide. TEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles were embedded within an organic matrix. Ag-NPs varied in shape and sizes that ranged between 13 and 31 nm, depending on the organism used. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was confirmed in all but one strain of cyanobacterium (Limnothrix sp. 37-2-1) which formed the largest particles.
A simple, efficient and environmentally benign protocol has been developed for the synthesis of substituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]chromeno[4,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one by a reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aldehydes and 2-aminobenzimidazole using silane@TiO 2 nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst under reflux condition in ethanol. The surface modification of TiO 2 nanoparticles was confirmed by using FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analyses. Furthermore, the stability of the catalyst was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Some advantages of this method are high yield of products, short reaction time; recyclability of the catalyst and column chromatography-free protocol. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity and most of the compounds exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity.
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