We describe Google's online handwriting recognition system that currently supports 22 scripts and 97 languages. The system's focus is on fast, high-accuracy text entry for mobile, touch-enabled devices. We use a combination of state-of-the-art components and combine them with novel additions in a flexible framework. This architecture allows us to easily transfer improvements between languages and scripts. This made it possible to build recognizers for languages that, to the best of our knowledge, are not handled by any other online handwriting recognition system. The approach also enabled us to use the same architecture both on very powerful machines for recognition in the cloud as well as on mobile devices with more limited computational power by changing some of the settings of the system. In this paper we give a general overview of the system architecture and the novel components, such as unified time- and position-based input interpretation, trainable segmentation, minimum-error rate training for feature combination, and a cascade of pruning strategies. We present experimental results for different setups. The system is currently publicly available in several Google products, for example in Google Translate and as an input method for Android devices.

We describe an online handwriting system that is able to support 102 languages using a deep neural network architecture. This new system has completely replaced our previous segment-and-decode-based system and reduced the error rate by 20-40% relative for most languages. Further, we report new state-of-the-art results on IAM-OnDB for both the open and closed dataset setting. The system combines methods from sequence recognition with a new input encoding using Bézier curves. This leads to up to 10× faster recognition times compared to our previous system. Through a series of experiments, we determine the optimal configuration of our models and report the results of our setup on a number of additional public datasets.

We describe an online handwriting system that is able to support 102 languages using a deep neural network architecture. This new system has completely replaced our previous Segment-and-Decode-based system and reduced the error rate by 20%-40% relative for most languages. Further, we report new state-ofthe-art results on IAM-OnDB for both the open and closed dataset setting. The system combines methods from sequence recognition with a new input encoding using Bézier curves. This leads to up to 10x faster recognition times compared to our previous system. Through a series of experiments we determine the optimal configuration of our models and report the results of our setup on a number of additional public datasets.

We present a novel multi-modal unspoken punctuation prediction system for the English language which combines acoustic and text features. We demonstrate for the first time, that by relying exclusively on synthetic data generated using a prosody-aware text-to-speech system, we can outperform a model trained with expensive human audio recordings on the unspoken punctuation prediction problem. Our model architecture is well suited for on-device use. This is achieved by leveraging hash-based embeddings of automatic speech recognition text output in conjunction with acoustic features as input to a quasi-recurrent neural network, keeping the model size small and latency low.

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