Background: The aim of this study is to assess the post diagnostic outcome of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, a heterogeneous group of disorders, in a government obstetrical tertiary care centre. Methods: The study was conducted in the Institute of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Madras Medical College as a retrospective study. A total of 75 cases were studied over a 3 year period from January 2012 to December 2015. The parameters which were studied included age group, antecedent pregnancy, beta hCG values, histopathological types and Treatment profile. Results: Of the 75 cases, 55 cases (73%) were in the 21-39 age group. The spectrum of disorders that were studied included 69 cases of complete mole, 2 cases of partial mole, 1 case of twin pregnancy with single live foetus and partial mole, 1 case of triplet pregnancy with two live foetuses and partial mole, 1 case of epithelioid trophoblastic tumour and 1 case of choriocarcinoma. Of the 75 cases, 16 cases underwent chemotherapy. No mortality was observed during the study period. Conclusions: Close monitoring and follow up with beta hCG values is of utmost importance in the management of Gestational trophoblastic disease. In cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), WHO/FIGO scoring should be done and managed with chemotherapy according to the risk assessment.
Mixed phenotype acute leukaemias (MPALs), a varied group of disorders pose a diagnostic challenge to the physicians and pathologists alike. This rare subset of acute leukaemias are characterised by the presence of blasts which express markers of more than one lineage (B-lymphoid / T-lymphoid / Myeloid lineage), making the essentiality of immunophenotyping more pertinent. MPALs are included in the acute leukaemias of ambiguous lineage under the World health organization (WHO) classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. We describe here a case report of mixed phenotype acute leukaemia (T-Lymphoid/Myeloid).
Introduction: Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours constitute less than 2% of overall cancers in adults and are the second most frequently encountered tumours in children. Meningiomas form 24-30% of primary intracranial tumours. Most intrinsic brain tumours are soft and gelatinous in consistency, smear preparation can readily made which gives excellent cytological details when compared to frozen section as the latter produces ice crystal artifacts. Aim: To assess the diagnostic utility of squash cytological evaluation of meningiomas and its comparison with final histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was done at Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India for period of three years from January 2015 to December 2017. Total of 54 clinically diagnosed and radiologically suspected case of meningiomas were selected. Smears were prepared from the biopsy samples sent in normal saline and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) method. The cytological features were noted and matched with biopsy findings. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results. Results: Total of 54 squash smears with male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Maximum number of cases were seen between 41- 50 years followed by 51-60 years. Complete concordance was obtained in 51 cases (94.44%) and partial concordance was noted in a case due to underestimation of malignancy grade in squash cytology. Out of 54 cases, two cases were found to be discordant with final histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: Intraoperative squash cytology is easy, rapid, reliable and cost-effective technique for neurosurgical consultation with fairly high accuracy in diagnosing meningiomas.
Introduction: Frozen Section (FS) helps in the typing of cancer – benign or malignant, tumor subtyping, assessment of margin status and lymph node involvement by the tumor preoperatively. Imprint smear (IS) study in place of Frozen section for intraoperative consultations can be conducted in those Institutes where facility of cryostat is unavailable. This study aims to determine the reliability of Imprint smear study done in intraoperative specimens as an alternative to frozen section by correlating with the Histopathological diagnosis. This is a Materials And Methods: retrospective study conducted at the Government Royapettah Hospital, Chennai over a one-year period from January 2020 till December 2020. The results of Imprint smear study in intraoperative specimens were compared with the histopathological results. We studied 96 per operative Results: specimens that included 48 lymph nodes, 23 ovary, 17 breast, 4 soft tissue, 2 thyroid, 1 bone and 1 cervix specimens. The Imprint study results, when compared with Histopathological diagnosis, showed an overall correlation of results for 83 specimens with a sensitivity of 98.60%, specicity of 52.0%, positive predictive value of 67.26%, negative predictive value of 97.38%, accuracy of 75.30% and p-value of 0.00 suggesting statistically signicant association. Based on the above results, wit Conclusion: h higher value of sensitivity and negative predictive value, the cases reported as negative for malignancy in imprint smear can be nalized as negative thereby preventing radical resection for clinically doubtful malignant cases diagnosed as benign lesions. Imprint smear also helps in providing a timely per operative diagnosis of malignancy guiding the operating surgeons for completion of radical surgery and thereby reducing a re-exploration surgery after diagnosing malignancy later in Histological sections. We conclude that an attempt to do imprint smear study should be done at every institution where cryostat facility is not available
Clear cell sarcoma of kidney is an uncommon neoplasm accounting for approximately 5% of all pediatric renal neoplasms, with a peak incidence between 1-3 years of age. Males are most commonly affected (M:F ratio – 2:1). It is a highly malignant neoplasm with a high propensity than other renal neoplasms to metastasize to bones, hence originally called as bone-metastasizing renal tumour of childhood by Marsden and Lawler. We describe here 2 case reports of clear cell sarcoma of kidney.
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