Monografia cuprinde rezultatele cercetărilor pe parcursul a 40 ani ale ecologiei rozătoarelor mici din ecosistemele naturale și antropizate ale Republicii Moldova. Sunt reflectate probleme fundamentale de ecologie populațională, comportament, dinamică, elucidate diversitatea și structura comunităților de rozătoare mici în diverse tipuri de ecosisteme, particularitățile de adaptare, influența factorilor biotici și abiotici, s-a evidențiat importanța rozătoarelor în relațiile biocenotice ale lumii vii, rolul lor în funcționarea ecosistemelor. Cartea este destinată zoologilor, ecologilor, specialiștilor în domeniul protecției mediului și amatorilor de natură.
The study was conducted based on materials collected in the area during the years 2015-2021. 28 species of mammals were identified. 4 species are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova. The value of the margin effect index in the meadow biotope is 0.12, and in the forest one - 0.32. The share of rodents according to the predilection for the biotope is for the meadow -21.4%, ecotone - 35.4% and forest 43.2%. During the spring the values of the Simpson index in the studied biotopes are for meadow 0.23, ecoton - 0.35 and forest 0.29, and in the autumn period, there was a considerable increase of this index, the diversity being respectively 0.58; 0.81; 0.73. A decrease in the mammalian diversity index has been established over the last 10 years from 1.67 to 1.36. Due to the dangers and unfavorable factors for the reservation, it is necessary to mention the cutting of the secular forests, the poaching, the cutting of the scurvy trees, the clearing of the forest edge, the destruction of the vegetal agglomerations. Excessive grazing will significantly damage the maintenance of stateprotected species. The protection of various species of rare plants and animals taken under the protection of the state is related to the maintenance and limitation of the management activities of the forest and steppe sectors. The ”Carbuna” landscape reserve is of particular importance for the conservation of biological diversity, and measures to protect its habitats need to be intensified.
The present paper analyses fertility and mortality of age classes of two species of microtine. The dominant number of the female population and the increase of the period of reproduction represents a strategic peculiarity of reproduction. It has been explained the importance of different age groups in regulating the number of population. The year adverse conditions prevail, the number of individuals of the current year increases to maintain the number of population, while the year optimal conditions prevail, the number of individuals that wintered increases. A primary adaptive importance is the instability of the reproductive cycle which contributes to the survival of the potential producers in a short period of time and leads to their increase in number under favourable conditions. The maximal offspring is recorded only in physiologically mature individuals for whom the growth ended. Reproduction, which is mainly charactersitc of younger individuals, represents an adaptation in adverse conditions.
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