The article presents the amount of work on afforestation in the Rivne region over the past 5 years. The forestry and taxation indicators, the composition and condition of forest plantations created on the ancestral lands have been determined. A comparative assessment of the change in the stock of common pine crops depending on the age and types of forest growing conditions in height and the actual and potential stock at a fullness of 1.0 is carried out. According to the research results, the change in the average growth rate of pure Scots pine crops was determined under conditions A2 and B 2. The distribution of plantations in childbirth according to the degree of damage by root sponges and insect pests was carried out, the scale and harmfulness of these lesions were determined. Analysis of information on the stock of wood of pine crops indicates that more intensive growth is observed in 55-year-old plantations with some predominance in fresh subor conditions. The dependence of the phytosanitary state of plantations on the type of forest growing conditions and their composition was revealed. The most resistant are plantations that grow in conditions C 2 and D2. Healthy plantings, without signs of damage by pathogens and insect pests, occupy an area of 51.1 %. In the overwhelming majority, clean pine plantations were affected. The main reason for the decrease in their resistance is the root sponge. The extent of the spread of root rot is explained by the degree of degradation and low fertility of soils, which are transferred for afforestation, which is directly related to the nature of their use. Plantations characterized by a high degree of root sponge infestation account for 1.2 %. It was found that the proportion of healthy plantations increases by 15–18 % with the participation of deciduous species in the composition of the tree stand. The research results can be used to select the optimal options for the initial composition of plantations for various types of forest growing conditions. Key words: afforestation, forest plantations, fallows, self-seeded forests, agricultural lands, Scots pine, reserve lands.
Vegetation growing on the slopes counteracts the development of erosion processes, directly affects the improvement of soil properties, which are largely determined by the morphological structure of the root system. We studied the development and distribution of the root systems of trees and shrubs on the slopes with different steepness in a forest park in the northern environs of Kyiv (Ukraine). The method of complete excavation of plants growing under the conditions of composite topography, in the park stands employed near ravines, where the plants were exposed due to erosion, was chosen for the research. The samples of root systems of 15 trees and 5 shrubs selected from different locations of growth places were examined: under the canopy, in canopy windows, in the open space, and at the slopes of different expositions with steepness from 6° to 39°. The plants aged up to 13 years, up to 3.5 m high, with crown diameter up to 130 cm and root neck thickness up to 80 mm were selected from undergrowth and understory. The depth of penetration of the root systems into the soil and the order of their branching were measured for further studying the anti-erosion properties of root systems. The area of horizontal projection of the root system to the crown diameter ratio, the soil saturation with roots and the intensity of root system branching were determined. Numerical indicators of the spatial structure of root systems are extremely important when assessing the studied trees and shrubs. Key words: park planting, undergrowth, understore, soil saturation with roots, depth of soil penetration, branching intensity
Проаналізовано санітарний стан соснових насаджень, створених на рекультивованих землях Юрківського буровугільного кар'єру. Насадження ростуть у складних умовах на переміщених, малопотужних ґрунтах із вуглистими пісками. За даними 61 кругової пробної площі, які охоплюють типові умови зростання соснових культур на площі 141,1 га, обчислено показники санітарного стану насаджень. Аналіз показника санітарного стану показав, що соснові насадження належать до сильно ослаблених. Ослаблені дерева сосни становлять 44,7 %, а показник санітарного стану змінюється у межах 3,01–3,41. Стан соснових насаджень V класу віку наближається до категорії насаджень, що всихають з найвищою величиною показника стану 3,41. Встановлено, що найвпливовішими чинниками істотного погіршення санітарного стану соснових культур на рекультивованих землях Юрківського буровугільного басейну є ураження кореневою губкою і всихання дерев унаслідок зменшення живлення рослин, які досягли порушеного материнського горизонту на глибині понад 40–50 см. Для запобігання розвитку кореневої губки необхідно створювати мішані культури сосни звичайної з введенням до 50 % листяних порід, які водночас будуть протипожежним бар'єром поширення низових пожеж. Для оздоровлення соснових насаджень, підвищення меліоративної ефективності та ліквідації осередків кореневої губки доцільно проводити суцільні санітарні рубки з подальшим висаджуванням листяних порід.
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