The original Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) was structurally modified according to results of factorial analysis and a new scale was named as modified nursing stress scale (MNSS). This is the first study to modify and validate NSS for Indian nursing population. Factorial analysis showed different factor loading for two subscales and items were shifted according to their loading to provide a more meaningful structure. After relocation of Items 13, 14, and 15 into first factor, this factor was renamed as "emotional and painful conditions of patients" to provide a more appropriate name to the first factor. Items 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 were found to be distributed under two different factors; one of these two was renamed as "unpredictable changes" and another retained its original name (i.e., workload). This distribution was also supported by rational analysis. All other items were distributed under factors as in the original scale. Rest of the validity assessment was done with the modified scale. Thus, with minor changes in structure, the scale was found to have better content validity.
The hospitals and nursing homes contribute 49% of the Indian healthcare delivery. Doctors and nurses, who comprise the major chunk of the healthcare sector, are vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) during the course of their work routine.Arduous workplace tasks of the doctors include regular walking from ward to ward, constant bending over the bed while physically examining patients, prolonged sitting in outpatient clinics to meet the work demands. Nurses perform a wide variety of activities and are usually responsible for implementation of the care plan the doctor sets up for the patient, sometimes even in back-to-back shifts. A sample of 650 female nurses from nine Indian hospitals and 108 male doctors from four Indian hospitals was carried out. The findings revealed that nurses face considerable occupational stress, moderate levels of quality of life (QoL) and a high prevalence of MSDs. Pain and discomfort in low back, knee, neck and shoulder were found to be the most prevalent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among nurses.In doctors, the results showed that the occurrence of WMSDs was most prevalent in lower back, followed by ankles/feet, knees and neck. Visual Analogue Scale revealed significant differences in the morning and evening scores. The mean total work style score exceeded the standardized limits which suggested that the work style of doctors working in Indian hospitals was at risk which may precipitate psychosocial stress.The conclusion drawn will immensely benefit the healthcare industry in developing administrative reforms and implementing welfare policy initiatives to provide a congenial working environment enhancing their QoL and better health system.
This paper combines the functionality of Optical Character Recognition and speech synthesizer. The idea is to develop stoner friendly operation which performs image to text conversion. Objective The advantage of proposed system that overcomes the disadvantage of the prevailing system is that it supports multiple functionalities like editing and searching. It also adds benefit by providing heterogeneous characters recognition
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.